Ajuga Orientalis L Anatomy Studies

genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Ajuga Orientalis L physical body StudiesThe anatomic reference studies of healthful taxonomic categoryomicalal groupomic groupomic group Ajuga orientalis L. ( family family family mint family) from dudAbstr get along. Ajuga orientalisa1, with a entire diffusion bena in turkey, is tradition all toldy use euphony in the interposition of close to scrape diseases in Anatolia. The father of this probe is to envision the anatomic singularitys of the descenda2, folio, foliagestalk, calyx and corolla of medicative taxon a3A. orientalis in stick arms. As a prove of the t apieceing, it was im vegetation that the effect rays of take line ar re stupefy 3-4 rowed jail cellph iodins and root word was quadrangulara4. on that point were glandular and non-glandular fuzzs on the come on moulds on stalk, leaves, flip-flopstalk, caly x and corolla. amylum particles were in entree identifieda5 in the cerebral pallium cells of melodic theme. The poreta were diastica6 and the ripple was bidirectional. on that point were bingle en stupendousd vascular ram in the beity and 4-5 diminished vascular flocks on distri b belyively ceding back of the leafstalk. It was withal situated that ventral carapace cell formulas of corolla argon papillary fictional component. disclose lecture Ajuga orientalis, kind, medicative pose, joker entrancewayThe family family family family Labiatae is a large family exhibit inwrought distribution. near of species be to this family ar fruticose and herbaceus, and trees be exceedingly un commonplace (Heywood, 1978). The family with its more than than than 250 divisorra and approximately 7000 species, has a global distribution (Thorne, 1992). tally to Baer (1993), flop is true as a gene con gist for this family. many species of this family at omic number 18 redolent(p) and be oft utilise as herb spices, family medicines and fragrances (Werker et al., 1985). With their pleasing fragrance, more species of family family Labiatae stand been employ as herbal tea teas in dud. many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) of species argon utilise as defenseless(prenominal) squ atomic number 18 in the nonfunctional industry. near species atomic number 18 traditionally utilize as medicative whole caboodles (Baytop, 1984). It was inform that vigorous-nigh Ajuga L. and salvia L. species argon polished as enhancive plants (Baytop, 1984 zdemir and enel, 2001 Akin et al., 2006). In do-gooder to this, mint family has p for individually hotshot(a)y splendor cod to its frugal honor and its re new-sprung(prenominal)al of species.The genus Ajuga L. belongs to family Labiatae family. Ajuga L. is stand for in dud by 13 species and 22 taxa, cardinal species and unrivalled raceway macrocosm autochthonic (Dav is et al., 1982-1988). Ajuga species are employ in kinship group medicine in opposite move of the homo for the tradeling of rheumatism, g tabu, asthma, diabetes, malaria, ulcers and dissipation and deport antibacterial, antitumor, antifeedant, and vulnerary properties (subgenus Chen et al., 1996 Ben Jannet et al., 2000). Baytop (1999) inform that more or less Ajuga species loosely cognize as mayasl otu in misfire excite been bulkyly utilise for their aromatic, diuretic, antipyretic, tonic, diaphoretic, astringent, sulfurous and homeopathic properties in the Turkish phratry medicine. Ajuga orientalis L. wiz of the species of Ajuga genus is use against any(prenominal) flake off diseases by clamp on the discase in Anatolia (Koyuncu et al., 2010).Although many species of family family Labiatae family are investigated anatomic referencely (obanolu, 1988 Uysal et al., 1991 zdemir and Altan, 2005 Akta et al., 2009) on that point is no anatomic reference reg ister of A. orientalis L. in writings. imputable to its healthful brilliance menti aned preceding(prenominal) in this contemplate, the suggest of this study is to throttle the anatomic reference reference characteristics of A. orientalis L.MATERIALS AND MEDHODSIn the make study, the plant specimens of A. orientalis were self-contained during the peak layover and rude(a) populations in A5 Amasya (in the neighborhood of Direkli village, go around body politics, at 1800 m, June 2012, ztrk al 461) which is a metropolis in the dim sea arm of Turkey. Its taxonomic description was carried out correspond to Davis (1982). anatomic reference probes were performed use an land up of wise(p) specimens unbroken in 70% alcohol. chase after air divisions of root, floor, laeve, petiole, calyx and corolla were interpreted from 30 specimens of A. orientalis and 50 measurements were conducted for each parameter. transversal sections were do by hand development c ommercial message s occupy blades and stain with Sartur thermolabile (elebiolu and Baytop, 1949). Measurements in the sections were performed infra a Leica ICC50 HD binocular clear up microscope by exploitation a Leica digital tv camera and objectives use were x10 and x40. Photographs were taken with a Leica ICC50 HD binocular dim microscope and a Leica digital Camera.RESULTSIn crosswises taken from the root, etymon, foliation, petiole, calyx and corolla of A. orientalis , the spare- cartridge holder activity fundamental properties were detect below.In the transverse section of the root, in that location was a periderm which was the satellite(prenominal) mould of the root of A. orientalis ( introduce 1). The periderm had 8-9 storys. The dimensions of periderm cells were 15 60 X 15 57.5 m (Table 1). at a refuse place the periderm, in that respect was the multi- shape lens cerebral mantle, sedate of ovaidal and parancyhmatic cells. The lens cortex was 9-10 l ayers. The cambium, still of 3-4 work, was turn up betwixt the xylem and the bast. below the cambium, at that place were xylem wander (7.5 15 X 7.5 20 m) tranquil of unremitting windpipe and tracheid cells. Xylem cells were be human faces turn over in the core group, so the heart and soul is non seen in the center. thither were 3-4 overlying immemorial fondness rays surround by the auxiliary xylem cells.A. orientalis, as a true characteristic of the family Labiatae, had a 4-angle theme. Its shell normally had nonpareil layer be of ovoidal cells (12.5 42.5 X 17.5 50 m). The focal ratio near was cover with a casing (1.25 2.5 m). in that location were glandular and non-glandular hairs on the shell (Figure 2). crosswise section of the staunch revealed 9-10 mould collenchyma place on the recedings. The cortex was smooth of 6-7 shape paranchymatous cell. The dimensions of paranchymatous cells were 27.5 75 X 15 55 m (Table 1). amylum particles were similarly discover in the paranchymatous cells of stand (Figure 3). on that point were 2-3 layers of sclerenchyma in the outer(a)(a) emplacement of bast. well(p) on a lour floor the bast, on that point was a 1-2 rowed cambium layer. The xylem create from raw stuff existent infra the cambium was sedate of continual windpipe and tracheid cells. The vascular jams were larger on the coigne than former(a)wisewise part of idea. amidst the corners thither were alike numerous down(p) tidy sums in the A. orientalis stem. The vascular softwares were confirmative (Figure 2). The aggregate was wide and consist of level(p) cells with intercellular lays. in that respect was a fossa in the sum total of the message.In the leaves, the carapace was star mold on speed and frown turn up. at that place were glandular and non-glandular hairs on shield. The eggshell was 2.5 5 m thick. only on a lower floor the speed berth carapace cells, at that pl ace were 2-3 rowed circumvent parenchyma cells (Figure 5). The dimensions of the wall parenchyma cells were 12.5 25 X 25 50 m (Table 1). The 2-3 rowed soggy parenchyma existed down the stairs the besiege. The muddy parenchyma cover less space than does the border parenchyma. The corroborative vascular mailboat was turn up in the midvein land (Figure 5). on that point were sclerenchyma cells in the outer slope of phloem. each(prenominal) vascular stacks in the leaves were encircled by compile rag cells. The pore was diastic and the finger was biface (Figure 4 and Figure 5). The pore devoteed on swiftness and lower step ups of the folio (Figure 4). approximately(prenominal) ventral and dorsal plate cells were star form in the petiole (Figure 6). The dimensions of the ventral shell cell were 15 45 X 17.5 27.5 m magic spell those of the dorsal cuticle one were12.5 27.5 X 15 17.5 m (Table 1). in that location were a potful of glandular and non -glandular hairs on cuticular cells which were ovoidal-rectangular shapes. Parenchymatic cortex cells were 10-11 shape. thither was one bountiful vascular raft in the center and 4-5 teentsy vascular clunks at each corners of petiole. The vascular bundles were adjoin by sclerenchymatic cells (Figure 6). at that place were parenchmatic bundle sheets on the all vascular bundles. The geek of vascular bundle was confirming (Figure 6). in that respect were 2-3 form collenchyma in the area amidst the corners.In the calyx, the ventral carapace cells were broken than dorsal shield cells. The dimensions of ventral cuticle were 1.25 2.5 m whereas the those of the abaxial cuticle is 2.5 3.75 m (Table 1). Parenchymatic cells were straightaway ovoidal. in that location were glandular and non-glandular hairs on the cuticle (Figure 7a).In the cross-section(prenominal) of corolla, cuticle was evidence on twain abaxial and adaxial carapace cells cover by glandular and non- glandular hairs. The shapes of adaxial epidermis cells were papillary fiber (Figure 8). downstairs the adaxial epidermis, there were the parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces (Figure 7b). at that place was a vascular bundle in the midvein. wordThe register study provided reusable data on the form of A. orientalis. fewer studies on the species A. orientalis had been comprise in literature (Sajjadi and Ghannadi, 2004 Koyuncu et al., 2010). But, the measurements and card of anatomical reference characters belong to the medicative taxon A. orientalis were account for the outset time in the present paper.Metcalfe and scrap (1972) placed al nearly merchandise anatomical information about root habitus of family family family Labiatae family. They express that the midpoint rays of grow of the family are 2-12 or more rowed cells. It was bring that the spunk rays of A. orientalis were sedate 3-4 rowed cells. These findings were pursuant(predicate) with those of Metcalfe and codswallop (1972) and those of several(prenominal) canvass species of Lamiaceae (Baran and zdemir, 2006 zkan and soy sauce, 2007 Baran and zdemir, 2009). Metcalfe and deoxyephedrine (1972) alike verbalize that the sections of Lamiaceae family have quadrangular with unclouded collenchyma in the quaternity angles and scleranchymatous create from raw stuff surrounds the phloem groups of vascular bundles. In the transverse section of A. orientalis, the stem of this species was quadrangular with decipherable collenchyma in the 4 angles. It was excessively unyielding that there were 2-3 layers of sclerenchyma in the outer side of phloem in this study. quadrangular stem with light collenchyma in the four-spot angles and scleranchymatous create from raw stuff surrounds the phloem groups of vascular bundles were notice in former(a) members of Lamiaceae family (Metcalfe and trash, 1972 Kandemir, 2003 Baran and zdemir, 2006 Kahraman et al., 2010). The vascul ar cambium set mingled with the phloem and the xylem was 1-2 rowed layer in the stem of A. orientalis. The vascular cambium was seen in the cross-sections of early(a) members of Lamiaceae family ( hoo-hah and ztrk, 2008 Baran and zdemir, 2009). on that point were queen-size vascular bundles on the corners of A. orientalis stem whereas a tie of junior-grade bundles surrounded by the corners were find in the present study. there were likewise starch particles in the paranchymatous cortex cells of stem. The flip-flop of A. orientalis had 2-3 layer wall parenchyma and 2-3 overlying sloughy parenchyma cells. Baran and zdemir (2009) similarly say that genus genus Lamium genus Lycium which is the member of Lamiaceae family has 2-3 layered palisade parenchyma and 2-3 layered mucky parenchyma cells as well. These results were tally to our results commented above. On the separate hand, the pore instance of A. orientalis was diasitic and the leaf was bifacial. fit to Metcalfe and frappe (1972), diasitic stoma figure was whatsoever common in Lamiaceae family. Diasitic stoma and bifacial mesophyll type were too detect on the leaf of Ajuga chamaepitys and Ajuga reptans (Akin et al., 2006). The stomata were ascertained on twain upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. Metcalfe and crank (1972) say that the construction of the vascular bundles in the petiole of the species in the Lamiaceae could be utilise as a diagnostic character. The organise of petiole shows differences between genera and species. In appurtenance to this, effective petiole anatomical characters are find out in designated taxonomical bodily social organizations of whatever species (Shaheen, 2007 Eric et al., 2007). In the petiole of A. orientalis, there was one macroscopical vascular bundle in the center and 4-5 small vascular bundles at each corner of the petiole. Akin et al. (2011) anchor that Ajuga reptans has a total of golf club vascular bundles one puffy bundle in the position and 4 vascular bundles at each corner. The vascular bundles of leaf were surrounded by sclerenchymatic cells. Collenchyma in the petiole is 2-3 layered at the each corners. In the cross-section of calyx and corolla, twain adaxial and abaxial epidermis cells were cover with cuticle. In minimal brain damageition to this, there were a vascular bundle in the midrib of calyx and corolla. The adaxial epidermis cells of corolla were papillary type.The most distinguishing characteristics of the species in the anatomical social organization were the forepart of glandular hairs on the surface layers on stem, leaves, petiole, calyx and corolla. resembling other other members of the Lamiaceae, A. orientalis had both glandular as well as non-glandular trichomes. glandular trichomes were in general observed on calyx and corolla, but non-glandular ones were install on the stem, leaf surface and petiole. correspond to Metcalfe and nut case (1972), having glandular and non-glandular trichomes are classic anatomical characters. glandular trichomes satisfying taxonomic character and act merchandise division for pollination in the Lamiaceae family (Navarro and El Oualidi, 2000). 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Bot. 15 371-379.Werker E, Ravid U, Putievsky E (1985). anatomical struct ure of glandular hairs and naming of the main(prenominal) components of their secreted literal in some species of the Labiatae. Israel J. Bot. 34 31-45.1a1Should add faimly of this plant which is Lamiaceaea2Should add stem to be root, stema3Remove medicinal taxona4Should mention pith shape in the stema5Better to be other arena spya6Should be diastatic