Social Media Coordinator Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media Coordinator - Research Paper Example Life after school and getting a job require a long list of interviews from HR supervisor to AVP of the company. More exams and trainings are required before you get the post. But if we can observe how things go this time, we can see that more jobs that are being offered are focusing on online and customer satisfaction. With the people spending most of their time checking their sites online every day, what’s better to do than to develop customer satisfaction and increase revenue via advanced campaign methods by the use of the powerful internet? Social media coordinator is one of the most popular jobs in the world today. This job is responsible for day-to-day execution of corporate social media campaigns. What can be more fun than to recommend, build and execute campaigns for Twitter, You Tube and other social media channels as required? Isn’t it fun to be responsible for blogger engagement, including conferences and maintaining relationships? These are just some of the m any but fun responsibilities of a social media coordinator (jobs.mashable.com, Social Media Coordinator). The Industry From the previous paragraphs alone, the frequent use of the words ‘online’ and ‘internet’ should be noted. ... Government Of course, it goes without saying that different parties would have different perceptions and preconceptions as to the use of the internet as the main form of social media. For instance, an article by Abdulrahim (2010) of the LA Times talks of former Orange County Sheriff Michael Carona, who felt that the print and electronic media that served as his downfall failed to take into account the positive things he had done for his area of responsibility. More than that, however, the ex-Sheriff also brought to light the lesser-known problems associated with social media that had been causing chaos all over California. The problem, as noted by the article, is that laws need be kept up-to-date as technology continues to advance, lest there be loopholes that more unscrupulous parties can exploit. Among the policies said to help would be the discouragement of hyperlinks and attacks on specific groups, as well as employing a social media coordinator in charge of screening and filteri ng content before publishing it. In short, it would be safe to say that the government is fully cognizant of the benefits and setbacks inherent to social media – which is why rules need to be made and adhered to in order to minimize the risks of it being abused. International Community and the Internet First and foremost, it should be noted that the main reason there are ramifications from the international community at all, is precisely because of the internet’s ability to connect people and enable communication, all irregardless of location or distance. While it is true that TV allows shows and ads to be broadcasted globally, the fact that it only allows messages to travel one way means that it is not

Tiffany and Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tiffany and Co - Essay Example Tiffany and Co. is a luxury and jewelry retailer. In the world of business, there are three types of goods in relation to the consumers’ income. There are inferior, normal, and luxury goods. To understand the nature of the markup of the prices of the products, it is imperative to have knowledge of the inherent patterns between different types of goods and consumer behavior. As such, Tiffany and Co. is justified to charge high prices for the products. The reason behind this lies on the classification of luxury goods. Such goods have an income elasticity demand (YED) greater than 1, as indicated below. Figure 1: The Income Elasticity Demand for Tiffany and Co. Products (BOONE, 47) The graph above illustrates the behavior of luxury goods in relation to consumer behavior. As the consumers’ income increases, demand for the product increases; hence, a justification to the markup of the prices of Tiffany and Co. Additionally, Tiffany and Co. acknowledges customer service as a product. The nature of customer service matches the money spend on the luxury products. The positive correlation between the markup of the prices and the customer service explains the nature of the goods. Luxury products are not similar to basic products whereby there is need to create product awareness; hence, a perfect competition. For luxury products, there exists product knowledge for the consumers, and the products are more of a want than a need. The markup of the prices is justified because the target market is defined by their ability to utilize such products.

Nokia Challenges In Rural Marketing In India

Nokia Challenges In Rural Marketing In India The world is witnessing an unprecedented growth in the number of people who own a mobile handset. According to a September 2009 Economist report, the total number of people who owned a personal mobile handset stood at a whopping 3.6 billion, which is more than half of the worlds population. The point that is worth noting here is the fact that the majority of this growth has come from the developing nations. In the year 2000, the developing countries accounted for only one-fourth of the worlds 700 million mobile phones. But, by the beginning of 2009, developing nations accounted for more than 75%. Considering the fact that the developed markets are saturated, it is the developing worlds rural poor which will fuel the growth in this market in the coming times. [1] Exhibit 1 shows the share in mobile phone subscriptions of the developing nations and that of the developed nations in the last decade. [2] It is in this context, we consider the case of the Indian mobile handsets market which has seen a sea change in the last decade owing to a number of critical success factors. India is presently the worlds fastest growing telecom market in terms of the subscriptions as well as the number of mobile handsets. The mobile subscribers in India are projected to grow at a CAGR of 15% in the next 5 years from 2010 to 2014. [3] This shows the tremendous opportunity that exists in the Indian telecom market for the handset manufacturers. Indian Telecom Industry The Indian telecom Industry is the worlds fastest growing telecom Industry in the world with a total of 706.37 million subscribers out of a population of 1180 million. As of Aug 2010, out of the 706.37 million, a whopping 670.60 are mobile phone connections.[4] The Indian mobile telephony market adds more than 20 million subscribers a month on an average and for the first time in the year 2008-09, rural India outpaced urban India in mobile growth rate. The growth in the Indian telecom sector can be attributed to several factors which include the rising disposable incomes of households, rising aspirations of consumers across the country, the enhanced utility of a mobile phone for people from all walks of life be it business or education or just information. The mobile handsets revolution has changed the lifestyle of consumers by giving them a faster way to reach their near and dear ones, by making their life easier in more ways than one. The growth drivers for mobile handsets can be attributed to the telecom service providers and off late, it is also the mobile phone applications that are fuelling the increasing adoption of mobile phones as they give the consumers a whole range of new services he/she can avail by using a mobile phone. Mobile phones in India are fast changing into a commodity with the entry of numerous players in the market and similarity of offerings by the existing competition. Exhibit 7 shows the change in consumer decision making that has occurred over the years in the Indian mobile handsets market. It has changed from a High Involvement-Low Experience product to a Low Involvement-High Experience product. Mobile phones are mainly divided into 4 categories in the handsets industry in India: Smart Phones: These are essentially the high end phones which have many features and have the internet accessibility capabilities and Wi-Fi technology. This space is mainly dominated by the multinational brands like Nokia, Samsung, Blackberry, and Sony Ericsson. The general price range for such phones varies from Rs. 10,000 to Rs.35000 in the marketplace. DUAL SIM: This is the fastest growing category in the Indian market accounting for more than 35% of the total shipments in the beginning of year 2010. The principle reason so as to why these phones are in such great demand is the fact that consumers want to reap benefits of the attractive offers provided by telecom players. In this regard, Multi-SIM handsets are also being launched and they are fast becoming the next trend in this space. The market for this is mostly dominated by domestic manufacturers like Lava, Karbonn, Micromax, MAXX and Zen Mobiles among other players. It was only in September 2010, Nokia has launched its first ever DUAL SIM handset after it realized the huge demand for such models in the market. The general price range for such mobiles varies from Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 Touch Phones: These are the type of handsets which do not have any manual keys and are completely sensor based touchscreen handsets. These are extremely fashion oriented handsets which are in-vogue among the youth and fast catching up with all types of consumers due to their visual appeal and ease of use. The market for such handsets was mainly dominated by the multinationals but now it is cluttered with the entry of Indian players such as Micromax, Spice mobiles and others. The general price range for such mobile phones varies from Rs.5000 to Rs.15000. CDMA: These handsets use a different technology compared to others which are GSM based mobile phones. CDMA handsets are generally cheaper than their GSM counterparts. They are mainly preferred by consumers who have a heavier usage of mobile phone. The general price range of CDMA phones is Rs.1000 to Rs5000. This market is evenly distributed between Indian players as well as multinationals. Exhibit number 5 shows the type of handsets that fall into each of this category in the Indian market. The current tele-density in India stands at 58.17% and this is projected to reach up to 82% by the year 2012. The rural Indian market has a tele-density of 24% as of March 2010 whereas the Urban tele-density has already crossed the 100% mark* [5]. Considering the fact that around 65% of Indias total population lives in rural areas, we can say in other words, that every third person holding a mobile phone is from rural India. Therefore, it offers a huge potential for growth in coming years for the various handset manufacturers. Also, with the upcoming of 3G technology in the Indian market, the sector as a whole is likely to see robust growth in the coming years. In addition to this, the Indian mobile handsets market is witnessing a sea change in terms of the expectations of the consumers. It is being observed that consumers are demanding phones with multimedia and multi SIM capabilities at very affordable prices, especially in the Tier-3 and rural regions. Indian mobile handset makers are fast making inroads into the Tier-2, Tier-3 and rural markets which offer tremendous growth potential. Multi-SIM handsets accounted for a whopping 38.5% of the market in the 1st quarter of year 2010. Rural India: A huge opportunity in mobile handsets market The market for mobile phones in rural India remains highly untapped and offers a very high potential. It is this immense opportunity and the inability of the foreign based multinationals in understanding the Indian consumers that has led to the proliferation of numerous local manufacturers who now pose a serious threat to the existing players. According to a research by the Research and Markets, the market for mobile phones in rural India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17% in the years 2009-2012. [17] It is also being suggested that the availability of low cost long battery phones will primarily drive the growth in these markets. The Mobile Handsets Market in India This unprecedented level of growth in the mobile usage of the Indian population has also lead to the birth and proliferation of a number of home grown mobile handset manufacturers. The market for mobile handsets which was once dominated by the likes of Nokia, Sony Ericsson and Motorola are being fast replaced by domestic Indian concerns like Micromax, MAXX, Videocon, Lava, Karbonn, Spice mobiles, Zen Mobiles to name a few. These domestic players have a strong penetration in the smaller towns and rural hinterlands of the country because they understand the needs of the local people better than the multi-nationals. Some of the innovations from the regional players include a 45 day battery phone, a solar powered cell phone to cater to the perennial power shortage in rural India. Again, there have been launches of mobiles that are dust resistant, water-proof and high decibel to cater to various needs that are unique to the rural Indian consumers. According to a research conducted by Voice and Data, the total market share of all the Indian mobile handset manufacturers came to 14%, which is quite a significant number considering the complete dominance of Nokia and other foreign players like Motorola and Sony Ericsson till very recently. Micromax leads the Indian mobile handset manufacturers with a market share of 4.1% followed by Spice mobiles with 3.9% and Karbonn with a market share of 3% respectively. However, Nokia still continues to be the market leader in the Indian market with a share of 52.2%. [6] Exhibit 3 shows the market shares of various players in the Indian market and a comparison in the years 2008-09 and 2009-10 is being tabulated as shown. [7] The following are the details about various players in the Indian mobile handsets market: Nokia: The Finland based multi-national is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile telephones with a global market share of 30% in the beginning of 2010. Its latest offering is its OVI technology platform which offers a wide range of internet services such as games, music, maps, media and messaging. Nokia made its entry into the Indian market in the year 1995 [11] and there are many firsts to Nokias credit in the Indian mobile handsets market. It would not be an overstatement to say that Nokia has pioneered the evolution of mobile telephony in the Indian market. For instance, the first mobile call in India on an Indian network was made on Nokia phone and they were the first to introduce a camera phone as well as the first Wi-Fi enabled phone. Samsung: It is currently the worlds second largest mobile phone manufacturer after Nokia. It is a part of Samsung Electronics, based out of South Korea which is the worlds largest electronics company. [12] It is one of the major players in the Indian mobile handsets market and is known for its stylish phones as well as utility oriented models. The famous Indian actor Aamir Khan has been the brand ambassador of Samsung Mobiles in India and this has given the brand a good mileage in terms of product acceptance and trust ahead of big players like Nokia. Their anti-theft mobile tracker is one of the most successful features in the market and was highly appreciated by the consumers. Micromax: The Gurgaon based handset manufacturer started its operations in the year 1991 but it has made its presence felt in the last 2-3 years. With a slew of product launches with attractive features and value-proposition, it is now currently the third largest player in the Indian mobile handsets market after Nokia and Samsung. It appealed majorly to the high-potential underserved rural market with its 1 month battery backup model. It has also come up with attractive models at prices as low as 50% to that of a Nokia phone with the same features. Motorola: The American telecommunications giant has lost market share to other players in the Indian market. It also did not feature in the top 5 mobile handset manufacturers in the world in the International Data Corporation (IDC) research carried out in the beginning of year 2010. [14] Exhibit 4 shows the top mobile phone vendors, their market shares and the shipments of the top 5 mobile handset manufacturers in the world. Motorola had become the second largest player in the Indian market in the year 2007 on the back of its aggressive promotions and innovative product line. It had roped in the Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachhan as the brand ambassador during that time. Sony Ericsson: Sony followed a similar strategy and launched a series of phones which has very good music features that reflected the Sony Walkman legacy. Actor Hritik Roshan was the brand ambassador for Sony Ericsson in India and during this time, the company had gained considerable market share before its decline started due to the rise of local Indian handset manufacturers. Blackberry: The parent company RIM continues to be one of the top notch manufacturers of high end business phones in the world and as given in exhibit 3, it is currently the 4th largest handset maker in the world. In India, it targets only the business users and hence uses different communication channels rather than the mass media which is used by other manufacturers. HTC: This is a Taiwan based manufacturer of smartphones which made smartphones based on Windows software but is now shifting to Googles Android as its operating system. It has a very small presence in the Indian market and it has no intentions to come up with handsets that will be targeted at the Indian rural consumers. Spice Mobiles: This is a part of Spice Telecom which is majorly owned by the Aditya Birla Group and is currently the 5th largest player in the Indian market. It is being endorsed by the Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra. Lava Mobiles: It is one of the recent entrants in the Indian market which has launched a series of handsets which offers the DUAL SIM capability which is very highly demanded especially in the rural areas since many consumers in rural India buy one phone for a group of individuals and it is shared. Karbonn: It is a Joint venture between two players: UTL group and Jaina group. It is being endorsed by the Indian cricketer Virender Sehwag which the company believes is a good move since the mobiles they manufacture are positioned in the same tone as that of the playing style of Sehwag, which is explosive and agile. MAXX: Endorsed by the Indian cricket team captain M S Dhoni, this is one of the leading brands from the Indian mobile handset manufacturers. Videocon: This Company which is a conglomerate has diverse interests ranging from telecom to petroleum to power generation. They entered the Indian mobile handsets market in November 2009 [15] The Videocon group has also gained the rights to be the T-shirt sponsors of the famous Indian Premier League (IPL) team, the Mumbai Indians. This has given Videocon mobiles a lot of visibility and created awareness, which is very important considering the fact that it is still a new entrant in the highly competitive mobile handsets market. The market for handsets in India has evolved drastically over the last one decade with consumers expecting a lot more out of their mobiles rather than just making a call or sending a message. Exhibit 2 shows the various applications in mobile handsets as a percentage of total number of mobile phones shipped in India from the years 2007-2009. [7] It is precisely in this space that most of the recent players in the Indian mobile handsets market have positioned themselves. They offer more features in their handsets at the same price as the market leaders, Nokia being the benchmark of sorts in the Industry. Analysis of commercials of Nokia in the last 5 years In order to understand the communication strategy of Nokia in the last 5 years, a thorough analysis of all their TV commercials was carried out. This helped to understand their positioning and the type of customers they are primarily targeting. Given below are the series of analysis of their commercials for their various models of handsets. Nokia Xpress music 5310 and 5700: The commercial involves a plot in which there are shown lot of young students (all were apparently from a city background) in a hostel enjoy their music non-stop on the new Xpress music Nokia phones. This commercial also highlights the 18 hours non-stop music capability of this phone from Nokias stable. Nokia 1110i and 1600: In this commercial, the creative involves a husband coming back to his home in the village and he has his wife and daughter waiting for him. The husband gets stuck on the way as his vehicle gets damaged. Then, a neighbor in the village who has a Nokia phone helps in reaching the neighbors husband through the Nokia phone and thus an emotional connect is being formed for Nokia. It is also nicely captured in the advertisement where in the end, the daughter asks her mother: Kya hum bhi Nokia le lein? Nokia 3110 Classic: In this advertisement, the plot involves a young boy trying to impress a young girl through his Nokia mobile phone which has an 8ÃÆ'- zoom capability and a one touch camera option. This again focuses on the urban segment as the attire and the ambience as shown in the advertisement reflects a citys environs. Nokia 6300, 5310 and 2630: the commercial is more of an attempt towards corporate advertising where Nokia is being shown as a part of every moment of joy in the lives of people across the country. All the regional festivals are being shown and people have been shown clicking pictures, playing music etc. from their Nokia phones to celebrate their moment of joy. This ad shows no discrimination towards an urban or rural background. Nokia 7610 and 3600: It is a commercial which reflects the lifestyle, attitudes and aspirations of the modern day young girl. This again is filmed against the backdrop of a city projecting a metropolitan girl. The ad is a lively ad that captures the essence of the modern day lifestyle and the phone tries to reflect the same. This is again a commercial that focuses on the urban way of life and the youth belonging to such places. Nokia Navigation (Maps): This advertisement shows a character who finds her way all up to the house of her destination through the help of Nokia maps. This commercial emphasizes the utility of Nokias series of applications and tools to attract customers towards them. This is one of Nokias responses in countering the competition from numerous local Indian players. But, again this is an advertisement focused at the Indian urban population rather than rural where they are presently losing out to more nimble footed players. Nokia priority dealer: manpasand mobile guaranteed. The commercial shows an individual trying to find a good new mobile for him but has to do all the running to so many places. He is shown to be running after one model to the other but not able to catch hold of the phone that he is actually looking for. In the end, a Nokia priority dealer store is shown where he can find all the models of Nokia phones, thereby reducing his hassles. That is why the tagline in the beginning is apt. Nokia 1208 and 1209: This advertisement inspires the viewer by showing that all the dreams of an individual like owning a house, a car and taking a flight etc. will come true one day. Again, the ad goes on to show that Nokia is there for the consumer in realizing their dreams in life. These are the two low end phones of Nokia and there is a clear focus towards the aam aadmi of India who dreams of a better life. There is no discrimination of urban and rural in this case also. Nokia 6270: this advert shows the new Nokia phone which has a memory capacity of 1GB which was unheard of in the Indian mobile handsets market in the year 2006. The commercial shows the precision and perfection with which the phone has been designed. It is being positioned as an exclusive handset which is for those who desire perfection in life. This again has no clear bias on whether it is targeted at the urban consumers or the rural consumers. Nokia (Corporate): This commercial features the Indian star actor Shahrukh khan which shows his life as a superstar. The commercial explains how his Nokia phone has been there with him for the last 10 years and now he has a trust for that brand. The ad ends with Shahrukh Khan saying hamara Nokia. This is an advertisement that focuses on corporate branding of Nokia rather than any particular model. Nokia E-Series Business Phones: This commercial initially shows how it is very difficult for a modern day executive to balance and get the best of both his personal as well as professional life. And then the new Nokia E series business phones have been shown as the ideal solution using which the executive is able to merge his personal as well as professional commitments and is content with his wife, kids and work. This advert again has an urban focus in a thorough and distinct manner. Nokia OVI Music Unlimited: this commercial emphasizes on the unlimited music options that are available with the new Nokia OVI music store where one can get and store literally a million songs from the OVI store. The ad has a strong catchy theme and it does not have any bias towards an urban or rural backdrop. But, inevitably this also gives away its urban focus in the latter part of the ad. Nokia 1650 and 2626: This commercial shows the Radio (FM) feature in their handsets and how Radio still has a future in our multimedia world where there are numerous options for entertainment. Songs from all the possible types of genre have been shown playing on the radio through the Nokia handsets. This advertisement is targeted at all the target groups with no clear focus on the youth or the urban-rural distinction in particular. Nokia 1600: This advertisement is a fast paced creative where it is being shown how colors are a part of the life of an Indian and how colors are integrated into every aspect of our life. Various individuals from different walks of life have been shown in this ad. This ad also reflects the product that is being endorsed here: a phone for the common man of India. It ends with the caption: naya Nokia 1600, har jeb main rang. Nokia 7710, Experience: this advertisement shows an individual enjoying a music video on a screen that is so wide that it almost feels to him like a theater. The effect of the widescreen has been shown very distinctly in the commercial. This is one of the higher prices phones from the stable of Nokia. There is once again no clear distinction so as to who is the target audience for this product. Nokia 6300: This advertisement ends with the statement true style never shouts. The advertisement begins with a scene where a shooting for some purpose is going on and the director asks the professionals on the set to continuously remove all the glitz and showy backgrounds. In the end, a simple white background is what suits the need perfectly. Thus, the statement that true style doesnt need any showbiz associated with it. This is an effort to tell the consumers about the simplicity and reliability of Nokia as a brand with respect to all its recent competitors in the Indian market which have focused more on the showbiz. Insights from the commercials From the above advertisements and various corporate promotions carried out by Nokia in the last 5 years (a time during which a lot of new domestic players have entered the Indian mobile handsets market), a clear pattern that emerges is that Nokia has still not focused exclusively on the rural Indian consumers who form a major chunk of the population that uses mobile phones on todays date. There are many commercials which exclusively focus on the modern day youth of urban India and their lifestyles, attitudes and aspirations. But, there are very few advertisements and promotions that show Nokias willingness to target the rural Indian consumer. One of the reasons for this may be the fact there are no products that Nokia has exclusively designed that can fulfill multiple needs of the rural consumers other than just phone and messaging. Its only product that found an instant hit with the rural consumers was the 1100 model which had an in-built torch light. But, there were many needs of the rural consumers which could have been fulfilled with the help of mobile phones but Nokia did not come out with such products. It is in this space that almost all the new Indian domestic players have been very successful. Micromax, the Gurgaon based mobile handset manufacturer is one such case in point. They realized the acute shortage of electricity in the rural hinterlands of India and it was being observed that consumers need a phone the battery of which lasts for longer periods of time than the usual 2 days on an average. They aggressively promoted their new handsets which lasted for a month after being charged once. This was also accompanied by their sales promotions which offered phones at highly discounted rates and with more features than what a Nokia phone would offer at the same price. This trend continued and it led to the entry of other domestic players like Lava, Karbonn, Spice among others in the Indian mobiles market. Each of the player offered much more enhanced features than Nokia and at a price which is in many cases as low as 60% to that of a Nokia phone. Another very common trend that was again captured by the Indian manufacturers as well as some of the cheaper Chinese mobile manufacturers in India was the Dual SIM concept. Increasingly, people felt the need to use the services of two service providers at the same time and buying two phones for this purpose was not feasible for most of them. This was again catered to by these players who launched a slew of Dual SIM mobile phones at prices that were very competitive in comparison to a similar phone with a single SIM capability. One more such feature of the latest offerings from domestic players has been the ability to handle multiple accounts from a single handset. This has been an instant hit with the consumers of Rural India where a group of people now own a mobile phone. This reduces the burden on each particular individual and also at the same time ensures connectivity. Unfortunately, for Nokia has not paid much attention to these innovations in the initial stages and now it has woken up to reduced market share which has dropped down drastically from 78% five years ago to 52.2% in the year 2010.[4],[5] Analysis Our analysis was intended to find so as to how the Indian consumer perceives various brands depending upon their communication, their positioning and their overall marketing efforts which include different type of promotional activities. In this regard, a questionnaire was being developed which tried to measure the attitudes and perceptions of consumers in general towards Nokia and other brands of mobile phones that they use. From the responses thus obtained, a simple arithmetic coding was being done to quantify the responses and thus we obtained average scores on each parameter of importance in a mobile phone. For instance, here we calculated the average score that each brand of mobile phone gets on parameters such as price, battery back-up, sound quality among all other features. The MS excel sheet attached below gives an idea of how the responses were coded and then converted into a perceptual map. For better visibility, the averages were being coded further using simple arithmetic techniques as shown in the sheet as under: Perceptual Map Analysis In order to find out the current day perception of Nokia with respect to its various competitors in the Indian mobile phone market, as mentioned earlier, a questionnaire was being designed. This was circulated among a select group of respondents. It was being ensured that there are users of all the kinds of brands of mobile phones that are popular in the Indian market. It is mandatory that we get at least 6 responses each of the various brands of mobile handsets for them to be reasonably eligible to find a place on the perceptual map and thus be compared with other brands of phones. Exhibit 6 shows the questionnaire that was being circulated among the consumers who owned a mobile handset. From the perceptual map, it is clear that Nokia is perceived to be more expensive when compared with other domestic players in terms of the features that they offer for a given price point. In order to counter this, Nokia either has to come up with products that are exclusively designed for the rural masses with customized support for them in terms of the local language and certain locally relevant tools. Also, as we can see that there is no real difference in terms of the local manufacturers of handsets as all of them offer a slew of features at prices which are very low in comparison to the existing multinationals like Nokia and Blackberry. In this regard, Nokia can take a lesson from the stable of Samsung which has adopted an innovative strategy in dealing with the rural Indian market. It has launched a series of products like Samsung Guru, which are specifically targeted at the rural masses and have been very successful with their advertisement campaigns for the same. Nokias current strategy for the Indian Rural Market With a population of more than 800 million, rural India offers huge potential and Nokia has realized it. Nokia has already started its rural marketing as well as communication initiatives and have a well chalked out plan for the coming years. Given below are some of the steps that Nokia has already taken in this regard: It has tied up with 1000 micro-finance institutions across the country which will help in financing the mobile phone purchases of the rural consumers. It has tie up with big players like SKS Micro-finance which has a network of 653 branches across the nation It has come up with showrooms on the wheels which is its rural marketing vehicle that is a novel approach in this market and is borrowed from the FMCG industry where such activation programs are commonplace. Nokia has hired certain professionals who go to the villages and rural hinterlands to promote the brand Nokia in innovative ways like sponsoring a regional festival which sees participation from the whole population of the area. Another initiative is their Rural care on the go, which is their servicing vehicle for the rural markets. This is to tell the consumers and other possible buyers the fact that Nokia is with them at their doorstep to account for all of their mobile handset issues. Nokia Life Tools: These are a series of tools developed for the rural consumers which will help them make their life easier and better in more than one way. For the farmer community of the rural Indian population, Nokia life tools provide information about the type of seeds, best practices and commodity prices. Young students can use the education life tool for career related information and other help related to their academics. Location based tools are also being developed by Nokia, some of them being exclusively for the rural consumers for their entertainment and convenience. These are some of the initiatives taken by Nokia till now in order to increase connect with the rural Indian consumers on a pan India basis. But, it is yet to launch products that truly cater to the differentiated needs of the consumers in smaller towns and villages. Also, the same has to be communicated to the consumers through various traditional as well as non-traditional media. Suggestions and Recommendations In its quest to gain a significant position in the rural Indian market, Nokia can take a leaf from the strategy adopted by the domestic mobile handset manufacturers. For instance, Videocon mobiles took cues from customers feedback of the need to have large speakers and launched a model accordingly. Again, another regional player Zen mobile realized the importance of launching phones with regional language support as many consumers in the hinterlands and small towns are not well versed with English language [16]. Therefore, they came up with models that had compatibility with 18 different Indian languages. Nokia should also launch certain models which have features that are currently desired by the users and at prices that are comparable to that of the local domestic players. One interesting

Natural Forces :: essays research papers

Natural Forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A natural force is a power brought on by nature. Natural forces, unlike those of other powers, are uncontrollable. When a hurricane passes along the coast, a bolt of lightning strikes a rooftop, and a volcano erupts, these are all examples of natural forces. Natural forces can have devastating effects on wildlife, humans, and the earth itself. Our effects to resist these occurrences, our only way to cope with such devastating forces of nature are to observe, learn, and prepare ourselves for the worst. I believe that almost everyone has had at least one experience with natural forces. My experience of a tremendous force of nature occurred when my mother and I were in a car and all of a sudden a twister passed through the town.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the end of 1989, my family and I were on vacation in Fort Myers, Florida. We drove from Trenton, New Jersey all the way to Florida where my grandfather lived. It was a long trip to undergo, especially being six years old and knowing that my father never stopped the car. By the time we arrived at Fort Myers, it was a beautiful sunny day. The wind was gusting enough to pull my hair back, and I was admiring the palm trees, coconuts, and lizards near the Gulf of Mexico. The first few days were nice, but little did I know that I would soon be caught in the middle of a twister.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can clearly remember being in the car on a humid day with a little overcast. We were driving in the car when all of a sudden the wind started to pick up and it started raining a bit. Within five minutes, the weather progressed and there was so much wind blowing around the car that we could no longer hear the radio. I can remember when I saw a stop sign spinning in circles like a “merry-go-round'; with electrical problems. I do not remember how my mother got us home so quickly and where we were because all around us was a thick gray fog. However, all I can recall from that point on was sitting with my head in my lap in the back seat of the car. I never witnessed the true power of nature until this incident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was definitely a lesson to be learned from my experience that day in the car.

“A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift Essay

The essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift is a satirical piece that discussed, in great detail, the issues surrounding 18th century society as it pushed forward development as society progressed, both technologically and socially. The essay contained a ‘modest,’ albeit radical, proposal from Swift, wherein he tried to provide a rational solution to the problem of increasing population, scarcity, and poverty in his society under the British rule. Among Swift’s ‘modest proposals’ were the imposition of polygamy among humans, wherein â€Å"one Male [sic] will be sufficient to serve four Females,† and the practice of bearing children as Food, which he identified to be â€Å"very proper for Landlords. † These propositions provided a glimpse into the social problems Swift’s society experienced during his time, wherein poor governance, in order to be alleviated, was resolved through what Swift considered to be deviant and inhumane practices. Proposing these deviant and inhumane practices was a demonstration of the increased demoralization among the citizens of Swift’s society, a state which the author deemed to be too outrageous to be true but is actually occurring. Hence, in order to address these outrageous yet unconfronted social problems and issues, Swift’s essay generated the attention it deserved and warranted, therefore making the readers and the essay’s target audience aware of the social state at which their country found itself in. Swift’s essay, in effect, drove home the fact that in the midst of social progress and development, moral demoralization occurred as a consequence, defeating the purpose of development and progress in the society. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Essay How does Swift attempt to make his readers aware of the problems in Ireland with his pamphlet? To what extent do you think he succeeds? Satire; a mode of writing that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions, or societies to ridicule and scorn. The modest proposal was considered one of the finest pieces of satire in world literature and was published as a pamphlet in 1729 in Ireland aimed at mainly the middle/ upper class of Ireland. The reasons for Swift’s outlandish and shocking pamphlet were to argue that the problem of poverty in Ireland can be best remedied by selling the babies of the less fortunate as food for the wealthy. He put forward his ideas in a pamphlet as this was a common method to publish an argument or in the public treatise arena. There was an issue of too many Protestants becoming quarrelsome over the Irish religious issues and something had to be done to resolve the complaints. This is where Swift’s proposal came into action as it addressed the issue and played on people’s prejudices and stereotypes of the Catholics and the Irish being inhumane savages. The proposal can be perceived as barbaric, cannibalistic and outrageous whereas some will see the logic behind it and how it will actually work. In the whole pamphlet he uses irony constantly to show satire and to horrify the public but sometimes you cannot always see the serious behind the writing. Swift sets up the proposal by giving the reader an insight into what someone might see as they walk through a town in Ireland in 1729. He describes the town (Dublin) as ‘great’ in the first paragraph but then carries on by saying that the streets are ‘crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four or six children’. He is putting the country down by writing about the streets swarmed with beggars. This tells the reader that he doesn’t like where the country is going as in poverty and homeless people. He is very blasi when mentioning the beggar’s children as if they don’t care about them and can’t even keep track of their offspring. He is describing a place where there is a problem and it needs to be fixed. When mentioning the women with several hungry and poor children, he wants the reader to feel sorry for them. If he can engage the reader with poignant images then they will be keen to agree with the proposal. When talking about the amount of children the women are having he doesn’t want to make people feel sympathetic or even think that they are stupid for having so many children and not being able to raise them. He is playing on stereotypes of anti-catholic Protestants because Catholics do not believe in contraception so they will conceive more children than Protestants regardless if they can or cannot support them. Swift is highlighting a problem which he thinks can be resolved. He starts to build up to the proposal by giving hints along the way like in paragraph 3 when he says ‘and shall take in the whole number at a certain age, who are born of parents in effect as little able to support them’. This sentence must make the reader puzzled as to what is going to follow about poor and helpless children who cannot be raised by their parents. Paragraph 4 is where Swift reveals the basic idea of the proposal by talking about how much it is to raise a baby until the age of one year for a poor begging family. He says that it would cost no less than 2 shillings as the baby would feed on its mother’s breast milk. When it does reach that age then the baby can be sold to feed and clothe the ‘many thousand’ Irish rather than the child becoming a burden to its parents as they will not be able to feed them much longer. I think that Swift writes this with a dispassionate tone even though the topic he is proposing is a sensitive area to the people who are reading it. He could have used some emotion rather than becoming so reserved. In paragraph 5 he starts stating the advantages of the scheme like preventing voluntary abortions and ‘that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard children’. For some, this will emphasise the savage animalistic nature of the Irish. This is where Swift becomes aggressive and tries to persuade the reader that his proposal can solve these unfortunate mishaps just because the families these children are born into cannot support them. In paragraph 6, Swift uses statistics to rationalise his argument. In this section he writes very bluntly without any emotion at all. He starts calculating the amount of women who will be used as ‘breeders’ and those who will be able to support their children. He then calculates the amount of breeders in Ireland and minuses the amount of miscarriages. It’s good that he does use statistics because otherwise the reader will not be able to imagine how you can put this plan into action to solve the problem of too many poor Catholics in Ireland. By using statistics he could win the readers over because they are very logical and straightforward ways of thinking. He weighs out the factors that could affect the ‘breeders’. He uses the term ‘breeders’ as substitute names for the wives who will be producing the children. This is harsh and inhumane as you would normally associate ‘breeders’ as animals or cattle. If Swift didn’t use statistics then the readers would not be convinced as to how such a plan would ‘work’. In ‘A modest proposal’ Swift uses a lot of irony in his writing. Some examples of this is when Swift says that 12 year old boys and girls could be sold as an alternative to deer however the reason he changed his mind was because they wouldn’t be worth much money for their meat. This is because they will have to be fed alot more than a one year old baby as they are growing and need to have some fat and meat on them to be used as food. They would be expensive to breed, clothe and feed. He never gives the full proposal in the first paragraphs which builds suspense as you want to know more and ask questions about why he is doing what he is and when will this happen. Swift reveals his proposal in paragraph 9 and 10 by mentioning ‘a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London’ which implies that he is blaming the theory on someone before he even starts. He says that this man told him that a ‘young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food’. This line would have most probably shocked all readers because they would never think of eating babies however Swift would see it as comical because it is a ridiculous idea in the first place. He then adds to the horrific idea of eating children by listing some of the ways to cook them! This is where Swift is being satirical and humorous because he would never cook a child ‘in a fricasie, or a ragout’. It was just to shock the audience. In paragraph 10 he tells you how he would go about ‘reserving’ women for breeding purposes only and how the males will be made to breed and not be allowed to create a bond with the women. It would be like a production line which would be similar to ‘sheep, black cattle, or swine’. He refers to them as ‘savages’ which is very callous and unsympathetic. Swift then talks about how many people one baby will feed and how many it will entertain. He says that a child will make two dishes for friends and for a family meal they can use the fore hind quarter will make a reasonable dish. He talks about the baby as if it is any piece of meat. He wants the audience to feel that he is very blasi about the situation and that he doesn’t care that he is dehumanising the Irish in such a horrific way. I think that the way he is so unloving about the women being used as baby machines is terrible but the only reason he is removing the love is to show the lack of humanity given to the Irish. The objective is to lessen the amounts of ‘papists’ which is an abusive and racist term given which plays on peoples prejudices of the Irish. He takes anti-catholic/Irish sentiment to its logical conclusion.

Marcos’ family Essay

Unlike the Antagonist, the protagonist is introduced from the first scene, Eddie Carbone. At first we don’t see him as the mean and vicious person he later turns out to be. From this we get an understanding as to what kind of ‘hero’ he is. During the course of the play Eddie becomes an evil ‘hero’. Making the protagonist an evil person makes the play more effective. At no point does Eddie actually break the law, but instead breaks the rules of society. The society in which Eddie lives, (full of Italian immigrants) has made it a golden rule not to snitch, not to tell on anyone that may be doing something wrong in the governments eyes but not in theirs. Eddie makes this the first thing that Catherine and Beatrice have to know before the arrivals of the cousins. He tells them a true story about Vinnie B, how he betrayed his family by snitching to the authorities about the illegal immigrants his family was hiding. As a result Vinnie gets treated like a foreigner in his own family, and gets thrown down the stairs and has to leave the house despite being the youngest. In this play there is unity of time, place and action, all the action appears to be continuous in one place. Miller brings unity into the play, everything happens over a period of time there are no gaps except the gap between Acts 1& 2 allowing time for Catherine and Rodolfo’s relationship to grow; the unity in this play brings all the action, betray and romance in one place so it gives the audience a better understanding as what is happening. Whereas if one thing was happening in Jersey and another thing in New York it wouldn’t keep the audience interested. Miller creates a sense of pity and sorrow over the audience at the very end of the drama. Eddie ringing the Immigration Bureau brings us to the catastrophe. It is Marco who breaks the law. We, as the viewers, believe that Marco has done nothing wrong but to defend his beliefs, which is to protect his name and by doing so protecting his family. Eddies manliness was challenged when Marco confronted him to a chair lifting contest; this warned Eddie to stay away from Rodolfo. Mixing the pathos and misery with the catastrophe of Eddie’s death makes the drama much more effective. After taking a traumatic journey through Eddies mind, the audience is left to think that he will never love Beatrice again because he has been showing all his emotions, especially ‘lust’ the feeling that is usually associated with couples, towards her niece, but Miller surprises us because Eddie reclaims his love for his wife Beatrice, this is a very tear-jerking scene. He turns what the law says is right into a moral wrong, by having Eddie obey the law and telling the authorities that there are illegal immigrants in the community, but by doing so he is also put the lives of Marcos’ family in Sicily in jeopardy. Miller has borrowed many elements from the Greek Tragedy; he has used the prologue to set the basis of the play, which gave a strong sense of fate from the beginning that something awful is going to come out of Eddie taking in the two cousins. Miller has used Eddie as the Protagonist and also an evil hero. The unity of time and place has been used through out the whole play to give the audience understanding; having things done within 24 hours was significant as to what happened the next day. To have many scenes in separate places may have confused the audience. Miller made the chorus more effective by using the narrator (Alfieri) as the voice behind the story, he expressed the traditional morals and the social attitudes that the audience relate to. The pathos has been used several times in this piece of drama, one example being, when Eddie reclaims his love for Beatrice. This was a tear-jerking scene in the drama, not just making the play dramatic but allowing the audience to feel pity and sorrow for Eddie. Miller borrowing such elements has made the play more effective.

Homemade Non-Toxic White Face Paint Recipe

Homemade Non-Toxic White Face Paint Recipe Many commercial face paints contain chemicals you dont want, such as heavy metals or allergens. Here is a recipe for a homemade white face paint you can make that uses natural, non-toxic ingredients. White Face Paint Materials You only need a few common household materials to make your own white face paint. 2 tablespoons solid white shortening5 teaspoons cornstarch1 teaspoon white flour3-5 drops glycerin Make the Face Paint Mix the cornstarch and flour together.Use a fork to blend in the shortening.Slowly mix in the glycerin until you have a creamy mixture. If the mixture is too runny, add more flour or cornstarch.You can use this white face paint as it is or you can mix in a few drops of fruit juice or food coloring to attain any color you need. Be aware, adding coloring  may result in a product which could stain your skin.Apply the face paint with a paintbrush or sponge, taking care to avoid getting it in the eyes.To remove this face paint, first use a tissue to remove as much face paint as possible. Then wash the face with soap and warm water.

Fredrick Engels Economics

Fredrick Engels Economics Fredrick Engels tried to understand society at a time when Europe was embracing capitalism. The period was characterized by industrial development and private ownership of property. Modern technology contributed to modernization of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society had to change from previous modes such as feudalism to capitalism. Many scholars gave their views as regards to economic organization. Engels had his own views that were purely socialist in nature. According to Engels, resources should be controlled by society not individuals. In society, the owners of the means of production own everything whereas the proletariat owns nothing. The workers produce goods that they do not consume mainly because of high prices. Goods and services are extremely expensive for the working class since they are paid little. Pauperization finds its wa y to society because people cannot meet their needs. Political leaders take advantage of the prevailing conditions to buy votes from workers. Workers have nothing to offer in society apart from cheap labor (Engels 87). This paper analyzes how Engels viewed society and how he wanted the society to be. The paper addresses four major issues that are of concern to the working class. These include exploitation, alienation, subjugation and domination. Engels observed that economic organization was the central aspect of society. This means that the means of production such as tools, raw materials and skills are very important as compared to other values. Economics controls all forms of human life including social, political and cultural life. He referred to economics as the base meaning the foundation upon which other structures are developed. The superstructure such as ideas, culture, politics, education system and religion is controlled by economics. The rich persons use their wealth to acquire education and political power. Workers are perpetually pushed to the periphery if not subjugated. Workers exist only at the mercy of the ruling class.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, life is completely dependent on production and distribution of goods. Engels focuses more on materialistic interpretation of human history. He criticizes the existing social arrangement that is based on material resources. He correctly observes that the central institution of capitalistic society is private ownership of property. It is true that societal resources are controlled by the few in the capitalistic society. Goods are produced for the market not for domestic or communal consumption. Therefore, the major aim of the owners of the means of production is profit maximization. In this regard, they use all available means to accumulate resources. Engels observed that the owners of the means of production bribe voters to acquire state power. State machinery is employed to suppress any efforts of liberation. Police officers are used to prevent workers from exercising their democratic right of demonstration. The labor unions are influenced by labor ministries to accept biased labor laws. The learned members of society and religious leaders are also influenced by bourgeoisies to pacify the population. Intellectuals rationalize, legitimize and justify the existing social order, which is distorted in real sense. Religious leaders quote some specific verses of holy books to prove to the proletariat that everything is okay. Verses such as ‘be contended with your lot’ encourage the working class to work hard. Societal institutions such as the media are also objects that exist to serve the interests of the bourgeoisies (Engels 97). The owners of the means of production use the media to spread their ideology and propaganda. Furthermore, t he media is used to market products that only benefit the bourgeoisie. Engels used the idea of dialectics to show how change would occur. Change would occur in form of a revolution. The existing social order, which he terms as thesis will generate its anti-thesis. From the struggle, a qualitative and a more appealing social order would emerge called synthesis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fredrick Engels: Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engels perceived the synthesis as being people oriented. The state would be forced to serve the interests of the majority. This is what other scholars refer to as social democracy or socialism. Resources would be distributed equality among members of society. However, he cautions that the bourgeoisie will not sit back and watch the proletariat take over state power. The owners of the means of production would use all available resources and techniques to maintain status quo. Through this, many will lose their lives. According to Engels, nothing would overthrow the rule of minority other than a revolution. Some workers will be bribed to betray their fellow proletariat but workers will identify such tricks and move on with their plans. Engels continues to give his views by noting that profits would fall among capitalists mainly because of competition. At the same time, workers would gain consciousness and demand for their labor rights. Capitalists will resort to using technology because it is easy to control. Workers would then wage a war due to unemployment and hard economic life. This is how a socialist revolution will take place. In other words, Engels appreciates the relationship between the worker and the bourgeoisie. It is a complex relationship (Engels 101). Workers need employment whereas the bourgeoisie needs labor. In conclusion, workers cannot exist without the presence of the bourgeoisie. The employers try to eliminate workers from the p roduction process by resorting technology. Domination, exploitation, alienation and subjugation have reached climax in the 21st century. Each company produces goods for the market. Workers are expected to work like machines implying that Engels postulations are accurate. There is no time for leisure and social recreation in the modern world. The worker is only given some time to carry out animal related activities such as eating, sleeping and procreating.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Engels, Fredrick. Condition of the Working Class in England. London: Penguin Classics, 1987.

A Farewell to Arms Essays - Literature, English-language Films

A Farewell to Arms In this novel A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, Hemingway brings about the evolution of Frederick Henry being converted into a code hero in realistic ways. Frederick Henry achieved the six code hero characteristics by the end of the novel with the help of Catherine, a code hero herself. All the characteristics seem to follow the path of a manly person who is continuously striving to live his/her life to the fullest. Throughout this novel, Frederick Henry's behavior matures to the code hero in which Hemingway desires to be. In the start of the novel, Frederick Henry was into over- sensual pleasures and could not control himself until he had spent much time with Catherine and learned how to discipline himself. Henry "had drunk much wine" and roamed from whore house to whore house near the beginning of the novel. He had no control over himself nor could hold his liquor or contain himself from easy women during this time. Henry finally disciplined himself near the end of his stay at the Ospidale Maggoire. The nada concept had been a part of Henry's life from the beginning. Henry stood up nights because the night is a representation of evil and death to him. If he is not asleep, he can avoid having to deal with it. Henry also is accompanied by Catherine during nights at the Ospidale Maggoire. To Henry there "was almost no difference in the night except that is was an even better time" with Catherine. Catherine, who is already a code hero, has values which transcend onto Henry at the Hospital. During the day, Henry sleeps but Catherine has to work, so she stops coming to him on nights. Henry is left to stay up, alone on nights. Also, he does not ask Catherine to come stay with him thus controlling his desires to make love to her. From this point in the book, Henry disciplines himself. During those nights together, they made love and talked. When he first saw Catherine, he was after sexual pleasures from her instead of the prostitutes in Gorizia. He never realized that he was in love untill some time later. Also, when he is in the course of a battle with Manera, Gavuzi and Passini, he began to eat food. Henry enjoys the food he eats, the love he makes and the wine he drinks whenever he pleases to, as a code hero does. Henry showed his loyalty to the individuals and small groups in his life, and near the end of the novel he showed grace under pressure. He is loyal to people similar to the group of ambulance drivers he was driving with on their retreat or people similar to the Count. During his desertion, he jumped into a river to avoid being shot and killed by the Carabinieri. The Carabinieri began to shoot every officer who showed up late in the retreat. The Italian army seemed to Henry to be unfit for him and unorganized. To avoid being killed he jumped into the Tagliamento river. Henry once began to believe he "would drown" and so "fought and thrashed through the water" to save his life from the turbulent waters of the Tagliamento. He never showed the reader his feelings of bravery during this feat. In the final pages of book IV, Henry strove to cross the Switzerland border and seek refuge from the Italian police. When he arrived there with Catherine, he was questioned by the border police and told them he and his wife were looking for winter sport in Switzerland. He lied under questioning by the custom agents in order to save himself from his army and did not show any frustrations or nervousness in the process. With Catherine on his side, he proved to the reader that he was able to show grace under difficult circumstances. Henry never once talked about his beliefs or feelings throughout the novel. He does not talk about his hatred for the Carabinieri or his feelings when he is cheerful or dismal. He showed no signs of remorse for deserting the Italian army or about the time when he shot and wounded the Sergeant deserter. In the end of the novel, Henry is faced with his love's death. Henry told God "please, please, dear God, don't let her die" the moment before he entered the door where Catherine finally passed away due to a hemorrhage. Minutes later Henry is offered some company on the way back to his home but he declines.

Legalizing same Sex Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Legalizing same Sex Marriage - Essay Example One of the biggest fight in America, is the fight for equality. In the fifties and sixties, black Americans fought for equal rights, and this was one of the longest and most publicized fight since the abolishment of slavery. Today there is a new, tempestuous issue on the horizon— the legalizing same sex marriage. Before defending the rights of same sex marriage, certain questions must be answered: are gays American citizen; are they humans; and do they pay taxes? The answer to these questions is yes. Then why are they not given equal treatment as other American citizens? Simple, a marriage is the union between a male and a female. And gay are given equal rights. They have all the right of any American citizen, and as soon as they fit the criteria for marriage they will be pronounced married. The debate over whether the state ought to recognize gay marriages has thus far focused on the issue as one of civil rights. Such a treatment is erroneous because state recognition of marriage is not a universal right. States regulate marriage in many ways besides denying men the right to marry men, and women the right to marry women. Roughly half of all states prohibit first cousins from marrying, and all prohibit marriage of closer blood relatives, ...In all states, it is illegal to attempt to marry more than one person, or even to pass off more than one person as one’s spouse. Some states restrict the marriage of people suffering from syphilis or other venereal diseases. Homosexuals, therefore, are not the only people to be denied the right to marry the person of their choosing (5). Apparently Mr. Kolasinski is not the one one who agrees that gays already has all the right that each American citizen has. Eddie Thompson at AD authorden.com agrees to, he says: First, gay and lesbians already possess rights equally protected under the law. They have the exact rights that I have today. They can marry a member of the opposite sex if they so choose, just like I have done. I can't marry a member of my own sex, even if I wanted to. So, we have the exact same rights. What is being suggested by the gay agenda is not "equal rights" but "extra rights." They want to be allowed to reap the benefits of marriage without actually marrying in its traditional sense. There are many wonderful people who choose to remain single for myriad reasons, and these people are not clamoring for the rights granted to couples who marry. Why should those who refuse traditional marriage be granted such rights simply because they prefer sex with someone whose anatomy r esembles their own? In fact, most of the so-called â€Å"rights† married couples have can be obtained through a lawyer’s legal maneuvers. Documents of the United States constitution, Declaration of Independe nt, and the Bill of Rights are testimonies of the freedom enjoy by Americans. Unfortunately, our founding fathers were unaware that they neglected to enact another document, the Bill of Rights for same sex marriage. Had they not been negligence, the new Bill would read thus: The constitution of the United States of America do apologize to the American people for the travesty it is about to commit on the sanctity of marriage. The people of the United States of America must now recognize the union of pf two men or two women, and give it the distinguish name of marriage. The same privilege given to a man and a woman who form a union will now be given to marriages of same sex. A man and a man, or a woman and a woman who chooses to love each other and decides to consummate that love through marriage will be given a legal document testifying to that fact. If such parties choose to, they are allowed to raise

Library extension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Library extension - Essay Example The roof beams are supported by the exterior main columns and are placed as a rafter. A truss is not included since a roof beam can carry the roof loads and also for the reason of abiding by the design intent of having a "high ceiling" and unobstructed natural light from the glazed section of the roof. The foundation is composed of isolated footings and retaining walls for the basement part. The longest span involved is 13 meters which is located at the faade of the building. Since the requirement is for the faade to be entirely composed of glass, two columns are supporting two roof beams propped against each other. The load transfer is synonymous to that of an arch frame. The two columns are supported by a main beam at ground level and beams that connect it to the next span. In the event that a huge lateral load or a very heavy roof load is applied way beyond the structure can support, these columns likely would be the first components to fail. No attachments are made to the existing museum and library, thus the new extension is structurally independent from them. Spans of 4.5 meters and 9 meters are designed for the beams wherein intermediate beams are provided for beams supporting a span of 9 meters. This would yield smaller members in the subsequent analysis and design. Tie beams are also found in the foundation and ground floor framing to support lateral movements. Further, aside from beam-to-column connections, there are beam-to-beam connections as well, and a planted column supporting the stairs. 3. Accommodation of Services Building services are accommodated and are given 0.8 meters. For services located in the basement, ground floor, and first floor; there is enough space for the conveyance of building utilities and at the same time, their pipe runs can be concealed. However, cladding must be made at the 1st floor overhead utilities (e.g. lighting), since there is no ceiling at the 1st floor. C. Scheme 2: 1. Functional Framing Scheme 2 is designed to have the least number of structural members as possible. The advantage to this approach is less members and longer spans that would give to larger uninterrupted spaces. However, members would have to be bigger or deeper to support longer spans. The framing for the basement remains the same as in the previous scheme. The framing support for the ground floor is remarkably decreased. This is for the reason that tie beams have been eliminated considering that the ground floor slab would be slab-on-fill. A wall footing tie beam is designated as support for the admin office wall. For the first floor framing, only one intermediate beam is designated for the slab at the adult's reading area. The span of 9-meters on the side of the cavity wall side is supported by two columns only. The roof framing is the same as in scheme 1. 2. Load Transfer and Stability Aspects As in scheme 1, the area of concern is on the supports at the faade since no column is located on the center of the faade that would possibly support a

Outline and discuss the different kinds of barriers to learning and Essay

Outline and discuss the different kinds of barriers to learning and participation faced by disabled children and young people wi - Essay Example However, there are calls to improve the deaf education by addressing the various challenges deaf children and young people come across. Schools, governments and the society have working towards better deaf education in most countries. The deaf education has been improving over the years, but the challenges are still there for deaf children and young adults in their quest for education, and only time will tell whether the current calls for more improvement and addressing challenges will be successful in making their education even better. The deaf education can be credited to an Italian physician, Geronimo Cardano who was born in the 16th century in Milan Italy. Geronimo claimed that the deaf were as smart as the hearing people only that they could not communicate with the others. He proposed that the deaf be taught just like the hearing people. Rather than normal communication, Geronimo proposed that the deaf be taught to use symbols and signs as a way of communicating their feelings to the others. This proposal was well taken by Juan Pablo de Bonet who created the first ever sign language book in 1620. This made the deaf education to spread fast across France leading to the establishment of the first deaf education school by Charles Michel de L’Eppe. ... Deaf people continued to be taught how to communicate to the rest of the society using this sign language. This has continued to the current times. School, colleges, experts and government alike have started appreciating that deaf education is important to the people with hearing problems. Parents with deaf children are advised to take their children to these special schools (Winzer and Mazurek, 2000). Though deaf education is yet to be like main stream education, at least there are some improvements. There have been significant events in history that have really impacted the deaf education. They are; Abraham Lincoln signing in to law the enabling act which was meant to improve education of the deaf. This was followed by the opening of the National College for the deaf and dumb in 1864. The invention of the electrical hearing aid in 1892 to allow the deaf to communicate with the other people in the society, phone for the deaf invented in 1964 and the signing of the disabilities act i nto law which was meant to ensure that the disabled have right to education, employment and equality (Rotatori, Obiakor and Bakken, 2011). Lack of enough funding for deaf education is the great threat to the deaf people. A cross check in several countries shows that deaf schools are closing. According to the National Association of the deaf, most states in the United States are cutting funding for deaf education. Most of the national and state governments across the world are focusing on cutting their expenses. They are removing what they deem not necessary as the world has been a recession. Deaf education programs are some of the items that are not a priority for most governments. The

Writing argument Vandana Shiva's the soil vs The Sensex Essay

Writing argument Vandana Shiva's the soil vs The Sensex - Essay Example heavily dependent on the agricultural goods and services of India and if the agricultural produce of India continues to decline then the food security of United States is under immense threat. These two issues are of immense concern because these issues affect our health and wellbeing in a negative manner. The issue of global warming can lead to food crises and malnutrition. Due to global warming some regions may experience decrease in rainfall and due to this various agricultural lands may not be able to attain enough rain to produce agricultural products such as grains and rice that are essential for the survival of human beings. Similar is that case with degradation of soil (Epa.gov, 2015). Degradation of soil can result in the decrease of agricultural products that are essential for the life for every human being in every community. Kristof states that global warming is causing changes in the weather and due to this various crop failures have been caused (Kristof, 2012). Shiva st ates that due to neglect of soil the soil is losing its fertility and this has led to decrease the production of important parts of diet including mangoes (Shiva, 2010). 2. In the essay titled as Soil vs. Sensex, the author Vandana Shiva has made a claim that the earth which is and which has always provided India and its citizens with the essentials of life is being ignored and more importance is being given to the industrial sector of India. The author does not make a general statement but uses proper reasoning along with evidence to prove the point the earth and the poor farmers along with the natural gifts are being neglected even though these elements are sacred to the people of India. She states that people and especially the rich in India is considering Sensex (stock exchange of Mumbai) to be more sacred than the earth. To prove her point that the earth is being neglected she states that 200,000 farmers have already committed suicide and their homes and livelihood are being

Different Ways in Collecting Physical Evidence Assignment

Different Ways in Collecting Physical Evidence - Assignment Example Introduction The process of collecting, packaging and preserving the evidence is a key function of the crime scene team in ensuring that the crime investigators have all the necessary materials for not only finding out the exact details of how a crime was committed but also linking the crime to the correct offenders and thereafter to be able to present all this evidence in a way that assures that the correct offenders are prosecuted. There are certain set and standard ways of collecting, packaging and preserving this evidence and these have to be followed to the letter. It is of paramount importance that the evidence does not suffer any deterioration, damage or contamination that may render it unusable, unreliable or questionable. The collection and documentation of physical evidence is thus one of the most important functions in law enforcement. 1. There are many different types of physical evidence that is collected and gathered at a crime scene. ... Another type of physical evidence is biological matter. This includes bodily fluids such as blood and semen. Yet another type of physical evidence is drug evidence. Drugs or controlled substances are usually put in a class of their own when it comes to physical evidence because of the specific types of analysis that they have to undergo to determine their exact nature, purity and quality. Drugs are also secured in a special way because of their value and the fact they are strictly controlled materials ( . 2. One prime example of physical evidence is fingerprints. Fingerprints are particular to a particular individual and the presence of a set of a person’s fingerprints at a crime scene is usually very definitive evidence placing the person at that particular crime scene. Fingerprints, especially where they are clear and complete are usually conclusive evidence of a person touching a surface and thus being physically there. Another example of physical evidence is blood especial ly when the crime scene includes the injury or death of a person. The evidence of blood determines the nature and scope of a victim’s injuries. The spread and the splatter of the blood at a crime scene indicate the way the injury that resulted in the loss of blood was inflicted. Trails of blood could also indicate how a victim or a body was dragged or moved either to or from a crime scene. A third example of physical evidence is fibers or pieces of clothing materials that are found on a victim. The nature and state of these fibers- if they are torn in particular way or how many they are would determine if there was a struggle or fight that went on at the crime scene.

Outline and discuss the different kinds of barriers to learning and Essay

Outline and discuss the different kinds of barriers to learning and participation faced by disabled children and young people wi - Essay Example However, there are calls to improve the deaf education by addressing the various challenges deaf children and young people come across. Schools, governments and the society have working towards better deaf education in most countries. The deaf education has been improving over the years, but the challenges are still there for deaf children and young adults in their quest for education, and only time will tell whether the current calls for more improvement and addressing challenges will be successful in making their education even better. The deaf education can be credited to an Italian physician, Geronimo Cardano who was born in the 16th century in Milan Italy. Geronimo claimed that the deaf were as smart as the hearing people only that they could not communicate with the others. He proposed that the deaf be taught just like the hearing people. Rather than normal communication, Geronimo proposed that the deaf be taught to use symbols and signs as a way of communicating their feelings to the others. This proposal was well taken by Juan Pablo de Bonet who created the first ever sign language book in 1620. This made the deaf education to spread fast across France leading to the establishment of the first deaf education school by Charles Michel de L’Eppe. ... Deaf people continued to be taught how to communicate to the rest of the society using this sign language. This has continued to the current times. School, colleges, experts and government alike have started appreciating that deaf education is important to the people with hearing problems. Parents with deaf children are advised to take their children to these special schools (Winzer and Mazurek, 2000). Though deaf education is yet to be like main stream education, at least there are some improvements. There have been significant events in history that have really impacted the deaf education. They are; Abraham Lincoln signing in to law the enabling act which was meant to improve education of the deaf. This was followed by the opening of the National College for the deaf and dumb in 1864. The invention of the electrical hearing aid in 1892 to allow the deaf to communicate with the other people in the society, phone for the deaf invented in 1964 and the signing of the disabilities act i nto law which was meant to ensure that the disabled have right to education, employment and equality (Rotatori, Obiakor and Bakken, 2011). Lack of enough funding for deaf education is the great threat to the deaf people. A cross check in several countries shows that deaf schools are closing. According to the National Association of the deaf, most states in the United States are cutting funding for deaf education. Most of the national and state governments across the world are focusing on cutting their expenses. They are removing what they deem not necessary as the world has been a recession. Deaf education programs are some of the items that are not a priority for most governments. The

Different Ways in Collecting Physical Evidence Assignment

Different Ways in Collecting Physical Evidence - Assignment Example Introduction The process of collecting, packaging and preserving the evidence is a key function of the crime scene team in ensuring that the crime investigators have all the necessary materials for not only finding out the exact details of how a crime was committed but also linking the crime to the correct offenders and thereafter to be able to present all this evidence in a way that assures that the correct offenders are prosecuted. There are certain set and standard ways of collecting, packaging and preserving this evidence and these have to be followed to the letter. It is of paramount importance that the evidence does not suffer any deterioration, damage or contamination that may render it unusable, unreliable or questionable. The collection and documentation of physical evidence is thus one of the most important functions in law enforcement. 1. There are many different types of physical evidence that is collected and gathered at a crime scene. ... Another type of physical evidence is biological matter. This includes bodily fluids such as blood and semen. Yet another type of physical evidence is drug evidence. Drugs or controlled substances are usually put in a class of their own when it comes to physical evidence because of the specific types of analysis that they have to undergo to determine their exact nature, purity and quality. Drugs are also secured in a special way because of their value and the fact they are strictly controlled materials ( . 2. One prime example of physical evidence is fingerprints. Fingerprints are particular to a particular individual and the presence of a set of a person’s fingerprints at a crime scene is usually very definitive evidence placing the person at that particular crime scene. Fingerprints, especially where they are clear and complete are usually conclusive evidence of a person touching a surface and thus being physically there. Another example of physical evidence is blood especial ly when the crime scene includes the injury or death of a person. The evidence of blood determines the nature and scope of a victim’s injuries. The spread and the splatter of the blood at a crime scene indicate the way the injury that resulted in the loss of blood was inflicted. Trails of blood could also indicate how a victim or a body was dragged or moved either to or from a crime scene. A third example of physical evidence is fibers or pieces of clothing materials that are found on a victim. The nature and state of these fibers- if they are torn in particular way or how many they are would determine if there was a struggle or fight that went on at the crime scene.

Texting While Driving Essay Example for Free

Texting While Driving Essay Sitting on the highway in traffic and the cell phone goes off. Hearing the recognizable text message ringtone a person starts to think, â€Å"Maybe it’s my friend telling me about the update on the party tonight, or my mother, what if something is wrong? † It does look like traffic is going to be moving anytime soon, and knowing that it would only take a min, if that, to respond, they do. Before they know it the car in front of them stops too fast and there in an accident. Texting while behind the wheel takes your eyes off the road, you lose your focus, and it has a high risk factor. Texting while driving is very dangerous and can cause serious harm. Texting while driving takes away the one thing that absolutely everyone counts on while behind the wheel, vision. No matter where the phone is placed, whether it is on the dash board or on the steering wheel, one’s eyes are not where they need to be. People’s eyes are suppose to be one the road at all times. Texting takes that away and it doesn’t matter how quick someone thinks they are, there is always a possibility. Just for that split second of reading a message that is o so important, a crash could happen. Eyes are the most important thing needed when driving and when not on the road a lot of harm can be caused. Yes some people are able to text without looking at their phones, and they might think it is safe, but it isn’t. Just because someone’s eyes aren’t on the phone doesn’t mean their focus isn’t. There is a saying that goes, â€Å"Just because your hear me, doesn’t mean you’re listening to me. † This can also be said about sight. Just because someone is looking at the road, doesn’t mean they are paying attention to what’s going on. That is exactly how it is with texting. A persons eyes might be on the road, but their focus is on what they are saying in that message. While they are trying to make sure they hit the right key on their phone their not noticing what’s going on around them. This can be dangerous because people don’t only have to worry about how they are driving but concentrate on the drivers around them. With their focus on the phone a car could easily dart out in front of them before they notice it and cause a accident. The element of surprise also makes texting while driving dangerous. People never know what is going to be in a message. It could be something so surprising that a person completely forgets that their driving to celebrate. It could be something so sad that someone could break down in tears and lose control of the wheel. Not knowing what one is going to read or how they are going to react is a good reason not to even take the risk. Mostly everyone in their own way is guilty of texting while driving. Even though someone might think they’re the fastest person at texting, there is always a chance. They may not believe that it can be that damaging but in reality it can. A life is more important and is worth waiting until not driving anymore.

William Langlands Poem Piers Plowman

William Langlands Poem Piers Plowman The vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman is an allegorical poem written in alliterative verse in the form of a dream vision, which depicts in great detail the structure and moral values of the English society during the fifteenth century. It provides a perspective on the social matters during that period and poses questions concerning the spiritual life and moral values of the various social classes, offering profound insight into the problematic issues of the time. The power of its narrative lies in the strong satire directed at the corruptness and depravity of the social system which stems from the individuals lack of true understanding of the moral values represented in the biblical text. The poem states the authors indignation and discontent with the immoral practices on all levels of social hierarchy, criticizing the corruptive nature of all classes, including the peasantry, the merchants and above all the clergy, and exposing their representatives as lacking the basic human morality and whose existence is deprived of any spiritual value. The popularity of the poem during the fourteenth century accounts for the power of its moral and political satire. It remained popular throughout the fifteenth century and it was regarded in the sixteenth by the leaders of the reformation as an inspiration and a prophecy, and, in modern times, has been quoted by every historian of the fourteenth century as the most vivid and trustworthy source for the social and economic history of the time (The Cambridge History of English and American Literature). This has often led to its misinterpretation as a call for social reformation and an expression of overall dissatisfaction with the social organization of the time. The poem, though used for the rebels propaganda during the peasant revolts, is not revolutionary in its essence. It does not suggest a reorganization of the social structure but rather expresses criticism of the existing conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and condemnation of the life led by practically all the classes: blame of friars, o f lawyers, of the clergy, of bishops, of nobles, of the poor who will not work (Mincoff, 126). Throughout the narrative we encounter multiple references to the inadequate performance of their individual duties and the inability to fulfill their social role. The social corruptness is a direct result of mans moral depravity, which is at the bottom of all misfortunes and the primary cause for the malfunction of the social system as a whole (Mincoff, 126). A panoramic view of the English medieval society is offered in the very first part of the poem, the Prologue. It offers a general description of the major class representatives, thus providing the reader with a holistic perspective on the English society. There is a certain irony in this initial description which sets the satiric tone that can be felt later on throughout the text of the poem. Many of those in the crowd walking through the valley are subjected to the satire and moral condemnation of the author, regardless of their social status. The rich and the poor are criticized equally beggars, friars, the pardoner, the priest and the lawyers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bidderes and beggeres faste aboute yede [Til] hire bely and hire bagge [were] bredful ycrammed, Faiteden for hire foode, foughten at the aleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I fond there freres, alle the foure ordres, Prechynge the peple for profit of [the wombe]: Glosed the gospel as hem good liked; For coveitise of copes construwed it as thei woldeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ But many others deserve praising and they are praised equally regardless their class or wealth the ploughmen, the nuns and hermits, the honest merchants and the minstrels (The Cambridge History of English and American Literature). The authors criterion for evaluation is not the social class, the possession or lack of wealth, but the fulfillment of ones duties and ones honest life. There is no fault in the hierarchical structure of society, what is faulty is man who has lapsed into idleness and vice, therefore the change should take place within mans heart first. The recipe is simple and its given to the dreamer in the form of advice by the Holy Church (Mincoff, 127): Love is leche of lif and next Oure Lord selve, And also the graithe gate that goth into hevene. Forthi I seye as I seide er by sighte of the textes: Whan alle tresors ben tried, Treuthe is the beste. The authors satire can be felt particularly strong through the skillful use of the grotesque in the depiction of the wedding company setting off for Westminster. The journey of the laughable party is by no means an exception to the poem, it is only one of the numerous episodes where caricature is used to convey the authors strong disapproval and discontent. Due to the lack of horses the party rides on the backs of saddled sheriffs, assessors, notaries and all sorts of officials (Mincoff, 127). And Favel fette forth thanne foles ynowe And sette Mede upon a sherreve shoed al newe, And Fals sat on a sisour that softeli trotted And Favel on a flaterere fetisly atired. Some of the most impressive examples of this characteristic use of the grotesque we find in the confessions of the Seven Deadly Sins (Mincoff, 128). They are described with such a great skill that their appearance speaks more than their words. And thanne cam Coveitise, I kan hym naght discryve So hungrily and holwe Sire Hervy hym loked. He was bitelbrowed and baberlipped, with two blered eighen And as a letheren purs lolled hise chekes Wel sidder than his chyn thei chyveled for elde; And as a bondeman of his bacon his berd was bidraveled; With an hood on his heed, a lousy hat above, In a [torn] tabard of twelf wynter age; But if a lous couthe lepe the bettre, She sholde noght wa[ndr]e on that Welche, so was it thredbare! Meed is the character who embodies to the greatest degree the authors satire. She brings confusion and corruption to the world and the love for Meed is spread through all classes of society and is deeply rooted in the viciousness of mans nature. There are no satirical attacks against any class in particular, because they are all equally poisoned by the love of Meed. The power of the satire lies in the skillful use of allegory. The personified characters are not mere one-dimension abstractions employed to speak the authors mind, they are fully fledged characters, vividly depicted, moving and breathing, participating in various situations and characterized by a distinctive speech manner. The author very rarely interferes directly to criticize or moralize, which makes the poem more objective. We may say that the poems satire works on subconscious level, influencing the reader through powerful and memorable images and the portrayal of colourful characters instead of imposing his views an d ideas directly (The Cambridge History of English and American Literature). His satire is almost exclusively conveyed through the speech of his characters and the interaction between them. In that sense, its implicit rather than explicit, more subtle and far more effective. The evil-doers in society are not the only ones subjected to the authors satire, the wasters who spend all their lives in idleness and who are not willing to work are also severely criticized for they all fail in performing their social roles. The passive existence of the idlers is as unacceptable as the existence of those who do harm and indulge in immoral activities. The authors view on the labour organization within society is clearly stated by Piers refusal to feed those who do not work, except for those who are physically disabled. Every part of the society has to make its contribution and perform its duties. The only possible solution is Hunger, who is the only one capable of forcing the wasters to work. The author of the poem is well aware that the beggars and all the rest who refuse to work disrupt the balance is society and pose a threat to the social order. One should not rely on others effort and hard work. Decisive measures should be undertaken in order to compel them to earn their living. The idlers must be refused any kind of food except for bread and water. But the author seems rather unwilling to accept hard work as a primary virtue as it is evident from the pardon that Piers receives. -Do wel and have wel. and God shal have thi soule, And Do yvel and have yvel, and hope thow noon oother That after thi deeth day the devel shal have thi soule! Everything should be applied in moderation. Excess is the actual subject to his fierce criticism. Every man should dedicate sufficient amount of his time not only to work but to prayer and penance, and to spiritual contemplation, or, as Mincoff put it, it is a warning not to let oneself be carried away too completely by worldly cares, to remember that there is the spiritual life as well (132). The ultimate moral lesson of the poem is that those who are guided by their conscience have a chance for salvation. Conscience is the only one who stays to guard the Church of Unity and search for Christ in the person of Piers at the end of the poem. Conscience appears in the poem as early as in the first vision when the author clearly states his views concerning the government of the country which should be based on Conscience and Reason. Therefore, we may conclude that both the moral growth of the individual and the well-being of the whole society are rooted in human conscience, which is the guiding principle for a good honest life as well as prosperous society while the allegoric treatment of the matter increases the power of suggestion and contributes to the authors trenchant satire.

If the Romantic poet is as William Wordsworth said a man speaking to men :: English Literature

If the Romantic poet is as William Wordsworth said a man speaking to men where does this leave women and children? Discuss, with reference to the work of Blake. If the Romantic poet is as William Wordsworth said 'a man speaking to men' where does this leave women and children? Discuss, with reference to the work of Blake. "In the preface to the Lyrical Ballads Wordsworth, when describing a poet, says that a poet is a 'man speaking to men' and is someone 'who rejoices more than other men in the spirit of life which is in them'. It needs to be definerated what Wordsworth means by 'man', whether he is refering to 'man' as a gender or man as in humanity. When refering to poets he always uses the term 'man' or 'men' implying that all poets must be male. Later in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads Wordsworth goes on to say that "poets... sing a song in which all humans beings join", surely suggesting that women and children are included in this as they are part of mankind. Blake, as one of the most renouned romantic poets, focuses much of his work around images of mankind. Although in saying this, "mankind" is collective and includes women and children, and Blakes work is undoubtedly preoccupied with these two groups. He distinguishes "man" very differently to "children" depending on the context. In London (songs of expereince) he clearly identifies "man" as a separate group to the "infant" in the poem as he refers to them by different names and as a separate category, highlighting their differences. Children to Blake are extremely important, especially in the context of poetry, indeed in '"The introduction to Songs of Innocence' he says that the poems are "for children to hear" and concentrates on a child's view of life. It is not possible to say that Blakes poetry excludes women and children as so many of his poems are based around these themes. Even the titles of the poems represent this, such as "The Little Girl Lost", "Infant sorrow", "Little Black Boy" and "Nurse's Song", compared to very few centred primarily around men. Blake uses his poems to express the view and plight of suppressed groups in society, such as children. Poems such as Holy Thursday are expressed through the eyes of a child. He shows the innocence and purity of the children by their 'clean' 'faces' and other physical and mental attributes. He also shows the reality of their situations, especially in Songs of experience, by highlighting the fact that many of them are orphans and alone in the world, such as in 'The chimney