Analysis Of `` Inferno And Thomas More s Satirical...

Irony is a common technique used by authors to keep readers engaged and make them think critically. Irony is prominent in various areas of literature including dialogue, setting, characters, and theme.. Dante’s Inferno and Thomas More’s Utopia are perfect examples of the use of irony as they utilized the various techniques throughout their stories. There are a plethora of accounts where irony is apparent, including the sceneries, dialogue, and titles that are portrayed in their work. This essay will examine and compare the uses of irony in Dante Alighieri’s narrative poem, Inferno and Thomas More’s satirical dialogue, Utopia. Dante’s Inferno describes distinctive uses of irony through the punishments inflicted on the sinners of God. One example of irony in Dante’s Inferno is when Dante travels through the third circle of hell, which houses the gluttons. Gluttons endure the punishment of being stuck in filthy, foul smelling muck while they are continuously pelted with rain, hail, and snow. As stated in the Inferno, â€Å"Thick hail and dirty water mixed with snow come down in torrents through the murky air, and the earth is stinking from this soaking rain† (Canto 4; verse 10-12). This punishment is ironic because the Gluttons enjoyed the tastes, smells, and sight of good food while they were alive, which is the complete opposite of what they are experiencing in Hell. The foul smelling mud and clutter they are trapped in is a contrast to the food and luxury they enjoyed.

Machiavelli - The Prince Essays

Machiavelli - The Prince EssaysMuch is written about Machiavelli and his 'The Prince' yet some of the questions posed by his essays remain unanswered. For example, why does he advocate basing an uprising on the Christians?It would seem that Machiavelli wanted to unite all factions in Italy, under one banner, to overthrow the Pope and establish a republic. But then, even though he concedes that this might be difficult to do, he nonetheless maintains that the Christian people will be forced to support the crown if they cannot do it on their own. This seems like a strange reasoning to me.He also cites examples from the Greeks and Romans, to support his argument that The Prince is necessary for all factions. For example, his insistence that Roman emperors have to be trusted because they will always follow the dictates of The Prince. Again, when discussing Christianity, it is said that they are prevented from participating in an uprising for the simple reason that they cannot be relied up on to not lead Rome into ruin.Then again, why does he consider the Christians to be the most likely to join him and the other factions? In fact, some people point out that, by his own admission, he has been negotiating with them for decades. This raises an important question: Why is he only now considering throwing down against them? If he doesn't have much faith in them to begin with, why would he make it known that he would kill or subjugate them?Some scholars have even argued that Machiavelli's arguments may actually be based on the fact that the Christians are the main military force of Rome. His position is that, if you were to lay down arms in battle with the armies of the Christians, you are likely to be killed or captured anyway. So, although it would not be quite fair, if your fellow rebels were to kill or capture you, it would not matter.Yet, I am fairly sure that this would not be the reason why the Christian emperor of the time was left alive and well as the Empire rose and fell. Instead, it could very well be that he either did not know what he was doing or that he just knew what he wanted from the start. Even if he had, the attempt to assassinate the emperor would have failed and he would have had to flee with his family and retainers.In fact, one of the essays of 'The Prince' is dedicated to honoring those Christians who would be executed in order to appease the soldiers of the Christian factions. At the same time, the author also points out that this would be a bad idea because Christians would be allowed to join the fight if they wanted to. So, although it is not implied that Christianity was the real reason why he was removed from power, it does appear that this is why the third part of his essay: Politics, was written: in order to win back the loyalty of the Christian troops and convince them that there would be no harm done to them.Many have tried to answer the questions surrounding The Prince, and there is no doubt that the answers will be questioned as well. Still, the issues raised by his essays should not be ignored and if you are a lover of Machiavelli, then it may be a good idea to continue reading about his thoughts.

Common Research Paper Proposal Mistakes

Common Research Paper Proposal MistakesA research paper proposal should not be an intimidating experience. The proposal is a set of rules that the researcher must follow, and you should make sure to follow these rules. There are a few common mistakes that often occur in a good research paper proposal, and the best way to avoid these is to be thorough with the requirements and expectations before you begin.While looking through your university's catalog of resources or search engine results, the first thing that you will notice is the selection of the title. You should use the title you have chosen to describe your project, but do not over do it. When writing the proposal, there are a few different choices that you will encounter. For instance, you can choose to use one of the following choices: Thesis, Research Paper, Independent Study, Program or Thesis Proposal.As stated previously, most universities require that the title of your research paper is completed before the submission o f the document. However, if you are submitting this research proposal for a graduate program, then the University requires that the title be completed prior to the submission of the proposal. In any case, you should ensure that you use only the title you want to use to describe your project to aid the review committee.The second mistake that occurs when you write a research paper proposal is that you cannot use appropriate spacing in your proposal. The space between paragraphs is essential in order to ensure that all of the important information is easily read. Again, you can use one of the following choices: 3 point font, subheadings, proper spacing, or Headers and Subheadings.The third mistake that occurs when you write a research paper proposal is that the paper might be too formal. To avoid this mistake, you can either choose one of the following choices: adding headings, headers, subheadings, or adding footnotes. Make sure that all of the main points and supporting documentatio n are written in clear and easy to read language, which includes using a structured format for the content.The fourth mistake that occurs when you write a research paper proposal is that the format of the document is not appropriately formatted. The information in the paper has to be formatted correctly to give the reviewer a good look at the project. The formatting should match the style of the rest of the document. This will help your research paper project to stand out from other similar research papers.The fifth mistake that occurs when you write a research paper proposal is that the presentation of the information is not clearly presented. This can happen if the information is too dry, or it is too simple. It can also occur if the document is written in a too general way, meaning that it does not clearly convey the point that you are trying to make. Therefore, you must take care in the presentation of the project and ensure that the information in the paper is clear and well-fo rmatted.

Research Paper on Sir Walter Scott Free Essays

Sir Walter Scott was born in Edinburg Scotland on August, 15, 1721 was a Scottish writer historian poet and is even considered to be a inventor . His father was Walter Scott and his mother was Anne Rutherford his father was a lawyer and his mother was a physicians daughter he began to write at a very young age what had inspired to write was his family and the older folk in the town the person that mainly inspired him was his grandpa he got his ideas of writing from reading poetry , drama, romance, history , and fairy tales another inspirer was when he met Blacklock and Burns. Blacklock was a bind poet and Minister of Kirkcudbright Robert Burns was a Scottish poet and Lyricist. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Sir Walter Scott or any similar topic only for you Order Now On December 24 1797 he married Charlotte Margaret Carpenter born ? 1777 and died May 14 1826 the daughter of Jaen Carpenter of Lyon in France Charlotte was mother of Walter, Anne, and Charles Scott. He was the sheriff of the county of Sherk in 1798. n 1796 his friend James founded a printing press in Kelso by the Scottish border so he was able to publish his first works in 1805 he published The Lay of The Last Minstrel and from that his career took off within the next ten years he had many poems printed one of his most favored poem was the Lady of the Lake. Sir Walter Scott died in Abbotsford Roxburgh Scotland on September 21 1832 and was buried in Dryburgh Abbey the cause of his death was a stroke How to cite Research Paper on Sir Walter Scott, Essays

International Management Essay Essay Example

International Management Essay Essay Executive Summary This written instance analysis study is prepared for the analysis of the instance survey of the Tata Group – â€Å"The Last Rajah: Ratan Tata and Tata’s Global Expansion. † ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . It will foremost get down with a brief debut on the Tata Group of India. with the beginning and the secondary ( both short- and long-run ) jobs of this biggest pudding stone in India. to be identified and discussed following. We will write a custom essay sample on International Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An analysis of the jobs is presented following. followed by the standards of rating. A comprehensive listing of all major executable classs of action are presented before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) are discussed. The following subdivision will cover the justifications of recommendations followed by the execution. control and follow up. 1. Introduction The Tata Group. India’s biggest pudding stone ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . was founded by 29-years old Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868. It was foremost established as a trading company in Bombay and started open uping concerns in sectors such as steel. energy. fabrics and cordial reception ( Tata Group 2012 ) . In 1904. Sir Dorab Tata. the senior of Jamsetji’s two boies. succeeded Tata Group in Germany after Jamsetji passed on. Ratan Tata succeeded as the president. following the decease of his uncle – J. R. D. Tata. in 1993 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . Today. the Tata group consists of more than 100 runing companies in seven concern sectors ( Refer to Appendix 1 ) with operations in more than 80 states across six continents. exporting merchandises and services to 85 states. The latest fiscal figures reflected on its web site showed that the entire gross of Tata Group was US $ 83. 3 billion ( around Rs 3. 796. 75 billion ) in 2010-11. an addition of 18. 8 % from 2009-10 ( Tata Group 2012 ) . With its devotedness to strong values and first-class concern moralss. the Tata name has been respected in India for more than 140 old ages. Each Tata company or endeavor operates independently and is answerable to its ain board of managers and stockholders. Traveling frontward. new engineerings and invention will be Tata Group’s focal point. in order to develop its concern in India and internationally. Anchored in India with its traditional values and strong moralss. Tata companies are constructing transnational concerns that will accomplish growing through excellence and invention. while equilibrating the involvements of stockholders. employees and civil society ( Tata Group 2012 ) . 2. Beginning Problems With its broad variegation of concern across six continents. Tata faces several challenges. The first job is to construct a consistent vision while being in many different markets and industries. Another challenge is to explicate schemes for over 100 companies in more than 80 states.Besides this. another job of Tata Group is the high engagement of Ratan Tata. who is the main steward of the group of nine senior executives sitting on the boards of the Tata companies. in both the dialogues of major trades and the inside informations of his auto-making. telecom or steel concerns ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . The following challenge for Tata is on how to absorb the fighting Corus Millss. Other challenges for the future include make up ones minding on which concerns to by-product and which to prosecute. what will go on to the pudding stone during an economic system slow-down. The most challenge issue for Tata Group possibly would be to make full the nothingness left behind by the energetic an d airy Mr Ratan Tata – Chairman of the Tata Group. when he retire ( Koontz and Weihrich 2010 ) . 3. Secondary Problems 3. 1 Long term3. 1. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsFrom the instance survey. it is apparent that a major job for Tata Group is its variegation of its investings and concerns over so many different states. The group is subjected necessarily to the different market state of affairss and the civilization of each single market. 3. 1. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssAnother long-run job for Tata Group is whether they should go on runing the fighting Corus Millss. As mentioned in the article. the minute Tata Steel took over Corus. it is loaded with a $ 7. 4 billion debt and the high operational cost of Corus weakens the net income borders of Tata Steel ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) . 3. 1. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down Should there be an economic system slow-down. the ability of Tat Group to prolong its concerns versus their ability to prolong the societal responsible civilization. which is developed by Ratan’s ascendants ( Griffin and Moorhead 2010 ) . remains a challenge for Tata Group. The Rata pudding stone will hold to make up ones mind between prolonging its concerns and carry throughing this civilization. This will be particularly tough with a $ 7. 4 billion debt already on its books. 3. 1. 4 Management control in Tata GroupAs mentioned in the article. Mr Ratan is the main steward. of his squad of nine senior executives in the Group Corporate Office. who negotiates major trades himself and immerses himself in the inside informations of his concerns. Ratan Tata is besides the major determination shaper in most of Tata Group’s major trades. At the clip when the article was written. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement. The fact that Mr Ratan Tata is individual and childless ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ) therefore poses the toughest challenge of who is to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 4. Analysis 4. 1 Diversification of investings and concernsThis long term job will turn out to be an obstruction towards its planetary enlargement and the development of the company to its full potency. as there is no 1 common group scheme with a common aim. The deficiency of a common corporate scheme may move as a keeping force ( Singh 2012 ; mention to Appendix 2 ) against traveling Tata Group to its coveted place in the planetary market and besides against accomplishing overall productiveness of the organisation. 4. 2 The continuance of operation of Corus MillssA first expression at this job of the Tata Group would evidently be to stop the operation of Corus Millss. However. one of the strengths and competitory advantage that Tata Group has over its rivals. is backward integrating ( Hill and Jones 2011 ) like what Hill and Jones ( 2011. 180 ) described – steel companies providing its Fe ore demands from company-owned Fe ore mines. Having its ain abundant coal and Fe ore militias enables Tata Group to bring forth natural steel at low cost in India. and transport it to Corus’ first-class Millss overseas to bring forth steel merchandises. Furthermore. by looking at the fiscal information provided in the instance survey. Tata Motors was the least profitableness concern in 2007 for Tata Group. With the acquisition of Corus Millss and Tata’s competitory advantage of backward integrating. Tata Group can do usage of Tata Steel and Corus Millss to bring forth low cost steel auto parts in order to cut down the cost of gross revenues for Tata Motors. The gross net income borders for Tata Motors can be increased with the cost of gross revenues reduced ( Needles. Powers. and Crosson. 2010 ) . 4. 3 Sustainability of its concern versus sustainability of its corporate societal duty during economic system slow-down When there is an economic system slow-down. it will subject Tata Group’s determination on prolonging its concern or still keep its expensive corporate societal duty. to a great trial. A fast and immediate solution. during an economic system down-turn will be to cut down the parts for charitable causes. such as cut downing or ending the one-year $ 40 million part for charitable Acts of the Apostless in Jamshedpur. in order to prolong its concerns. However. Tata Group will hold to see about the long-run deductions of such drastic immediate decrease or expiration of charitable financess. The repute of Tata Group may have a whipping in the long tally. due to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . should such steps are implemented drastically and instantly. in order to prolong its concerns. 4. 4 Management control in Tata GroupFrom the description of the article. the direction manner of Tata Group seemed to follow an ethnocentric strategic sensitivity and an organisational civilization of â€Å"family culture† . A cultural strategic sensitivity refers to the peculiar manner which most multi-national companies ( MNCs ) have towards making things ( Luthans and Doh 2009 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . A MNC with an ethnocentric sensitivity will usually depend on the values. and involvements of the parent company in formulating and implementing a strategic program. Their primary accent is on profitableness and the company will seek to run its abroad operations in line with how they are run back at place ( Loke 2008 ; Aswathappa 2010 ) . Tata Group is likened to be run with an ethnocentric sensitivity as Mr Ratan Tata is the main dealmaker who is closely involved in all major trades dialogues and besides inside informations of his different concerns. This sensitivity will necessarily ensue in parochialism in Mr Tata. which may impact his logical strategic thought. Tata Group has adopted a â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. â€Å"Family culture† type of organisations besides concentrating on hierarchy. orientation to individuals. leader heads the company like a lovingness parent. the direction besides takes good attention of employees. ensures employees are good treated and bask continued employment ( Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner 1998 ) . This is clearly reflected in their disbursement of $ 40 million yearly in the company’s place base of Jamshedpur and their first-class employee wage policy of workers still acquiring paid to the full till the age of 60 old ages old and womb-to-tomb wellness attention. even if they retire early. This will ensue in extra disbursals for Tata Group in order to carry through this â€Å"corporate societal responsibility† . Harmonizing to the article. Tata Group has non found a suited replacement at the clip when the article was written. The toughest challenge will be happening a suited campaigner of who is able to make full the nothingness for Tata Group. when Mr Ratan retires. 5. Standards of Evaluation 1. To place and distinguish between the â€Å"Cash cows† and â€Å"Stars† ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) concerns and the â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † and â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. 2. To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus within the following 5 old ages. 3. To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† bit by bit within the following 5 old ages. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. 4. To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages. 6. Alternate schemes A comprehensive listing of all executable schemes will be presented for Tata Group before the recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers ) will discussed. 6. 1 Short term ( S ) :Targeted short-run aims to accomplish within the following few months to 1 twelvemonth from the clip of execution. S1To place and group the concerns into â€Å"Cash cows† . â€Å"Stars† . â€Å"Question Mark ( or Problem Child ) † or â€Å"Dog† concerns ( Phadtare 2011 ; mention to Appendix 3 ) within the following 6 months. S2To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain and concentrate on and which concern ( Es ) to neutralize. 6. 2 Long term ( L ) :Targeted long-run aims to accomplish within the following 3 – 5 old ages and beyond. L1To cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt of Corus Millss within the following 5 old ages by possibly re-looking into refinancing the debt loan with a lower involvement rate. in order to strength their net income borders. This is to change over Corus Millss into a profitable concern unit which will enable Tata Group to go on edifice on its competitory advantage over its rivals. of incorporating backward integrating. with the coaction of Tata Steel and Corus Millss. for Tata Motors. L2To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† of S $ 40 million for Jamshedpur bit by bit – 5 % per twelvemonth in the first four twelvemonth and a concluding 10 % in the 5th twelvemonth. and besides to cut down the employees’ benefits bit by bit. This will enable Tata Group to prolong its concerns better. but yet non neglect or waive their corporate societal duty. L3To place a replacement within the following two to three old ages and besides to bit by bit alter their ethnocentric sensitivity manner of running the concern and besides their â€Å"family† type of organisational civilization. Strategy statement as per Hofer and Schendel’s features: Tata Group’s scheme for the following 3 – 5 old ages is to â€Å"tidy up† it’s widely diversified investings and concerns and work on its competitory advantage of backward integrating ( of having Fe ore mines ) in order to assist its car concern addition net income border. By bit by bit cut downing their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . Tata Group will be able to impart these capital to prolong and spread out its concern globally. By placing a replacement for its president. this will guarantee the sustainability of the Tata concerns and besides to convey Tata Group to the following frontier. 7. Recommended scheme ( Internet Explorers )In order for this concern program for Tata Group to be successful. the schemes presented demands to be both accomplishable and sustainable with an accurate rating of its current resources. nucleus competences and capablenesss. With both short term and long term schemes listed supra and analyzed via the Strategy Feasibility Table listed in Appendix 4. the recommended schemes ( best 3 out of 5 ) are as follows: S1: To place and group the concerns. S2: To make up ones mind on which concern ( Es ) to maintain. which concern ( Es ) to neutralize.L2: To cut down their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . 8. Justifications of recommendations After analysing the options schemes via the Strategy Feasibility Table ( Refer to Appendix 4 ) . it was decided that the most executable schemes are S1. S2 and L2 to decide the beginning and secondary jobs above. Schemes S1 and S2 are chosen to outdo decide the variegation of concerns that resulted in the absence of a common group scheme with a common aim for Tata Group. The following scheme for Tata Group to implement is the decrease of their one-year â€Å"charitable spending† . This will liberate up more capital for Tata Group to airt them to tout their â€Å"Stars† concerns. The staying two long-run schemes of L1 and L3. with a somewhat higher mark of 15 and 14 severally. in the feasibleness trial. may be considered to be implemented at the same time with lesser precedences. This is because it will non be easy for Tata Group to cut down the $ 7. 4 billion debt within a short period of clip and besides non easy for any company to beginning for. identify and name a replacement for its Chairman and to alter the civilization within a short period of clip excessively. The most critical issue now is for Tata Group to carry on the most effectual and efficient schemes. 9. Implementation. Control and Follow-up For any MNCs. e. g. Tata Group. it is non easy to implement concern consolidation like S1 and S2. S1 and S2 described supra will merely be the â€Å"identification† phase to find the type of concern each belongs to. The physical execution of the consolidation has to be executed with utmost cautiousness as consolidation may ensue in employees redundancy. After the consolidation exercising is successfully. the Group Corporate Office ( GCO ) of Tata Group will hold to guarantee that they do non establish monolithic concern variegation programs without careful considerations. The followup on the execution of S1 and S2 will hold to be monitor by the GCO closely with a clear timeline listed out as a usher to forestall any cunctation or holds. As for the execution of scheme L2. Tata Group has to put to death it with cautiousness excessively. It is non be implemented excessively hurriedly to forestall any harm to the company’s image due to any to negative imperativeness and media coverages ( Davies et al. 2003 ) . Any other hereafter â€Å"charitable spending† will hold to be discussed and decided more strictly. As stated above under Section 6. 2. L2. the decrease will be done bit by bit over a timeline of 5 old ages and the GCO of Tata Group will hold to adhere closely to this timeline. ( 2. 220 words excepting Executive Summary. headers. sub-headings. in-text commendations. and this sentence. ) 10. Mentions Aswathappa. K. 2010. International Business. 4th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dk4SWsWbbaMC A ; pg=PA332 A ; dq=Strategic+predisposition A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9nIlT5jIN5GzrAfIhryyCA A ; redir_esc=y # v=onepage A ; q=Strategic % 20predisposition A ; f=false. Change Management Coach. 2012. Change-Management-Coach. com: Force Field Analysis – Kurt Lewin. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language. Davies. Gary. Rosa Chun. Rui Vinhas district attorney Silva. and Stuart Roper. 2003. Corporate Repute and Competitiveness. 1st erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=eU4bVJmmKC4C A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=reputation A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=9j85T4aVCdGrrAeRsYHWBQ A ; ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=reputation A ; f=false. Griffin. Ricky W. . and Gregory Moorhead. 2010. Organizational Behavior: Managing Peoples and Organizations. 9th erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=RidV6vh08xMC A ; pg=PA349 A ; dq=Culture+of+Tata+Group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=Q8QjT_mKCcfPrQef-IiNAg A ; ved=0CGwQ6AEwCQ # v=onepage A ; q=Culture % 20of % 20Tata % 20Group A ; f=false. Hill. Charles W. L. . and Gareth R. Jones. 2011. Necessities of Strategic Management. 3rd erectile dysfunction. Mason. OH. USA: South-Western Cengage Learning. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=VdG243upAqwC A ; pg=PA180 A ; dq=backward+integration+in+strategic+management A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=3NQ3T4PxEsHirAe2vfjVBQ A ; sqi=2 A ; ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA # v=onepage A ; q=backward % 20integration % 20in % 20strategic % 20management A ; f=false. Hofer. Charles W. . and Dan Schendel. 1982. Strategy Formulation: Analytic Concepts. 8th erectile dysfunction. Eagan. Minnesota. USA: West Pub. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=8VcIfAEACAAJ A ; dq=Strategy+Formulation: +Analytical+Concepts A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=pasjT9_BCIjMrQf0x7GeCA A ; ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA. Johnson. Debra. and Colin Turner. 2010. International Business: Subjects and issues in the modern planetary economic system. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: Taylor A ; Francis Group. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=Dhi7yUtQjegC A ; pg=PA140 A ; dq=Members+of+the+Tata+Group+Corporate+Centre A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=JpE3T8-LMYXRrQfw7fHVBQ A ; ved=0CEoQ6AEwBA # v=onepage A ; q=Members % 20of % 20the % 20Tata % 20Group % 20Corporate % 20Centre A ; f=false. Koontz. Harold. and Heinz Weihrich. 2010. Necessities of Management: An International Perspective. 8th erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Tata McGraw Hill. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=s_wzNWdevJoC A ; pg=PA118 A ; dq=Tata+group A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=QwwlT6vTJsnjrAfosdymCA A ; ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ # v=onepage A ; q=Tata % 20group A ; f=false. Loke. Chee Shong. 2008. International Management. 1st erectile dysfunction. USA: AberdeenUniversity Press Services. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. 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Milind T. 2011. Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: PHI Learning Private Limited. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=FdtGb2cZTRgC A ; pg=PA145 A ; lpg=PA144 A ; dq=BCG+Model # v=onepage A ; q=BCG % 20Model A ; f=false. QuickMBA. 2010. QuickMBA: Strategy / BCG Matrix. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ . Singh. Kavita. 2012. Organizational Behavior. 1st erectile dysfunction. New Delhi. India: Pearson Education India. hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com. sg/books? id=DbC0_McBPgIC A ; pg=PA337 A ; dq=force+field+analysis+kurt+lewin A ; hl=en A ; sa=X A ; ei=KEA7T-jvPIjsrAeRnJmHAQ A ; ved=0CFQQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q=force % 20field % 20analysis % 20kurt % 20lewin A ; f=false. Tata Group. 2012. Tata Group Worldwide. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. tata. com/ . The Economic Times. 2011. The Economic Times. Topics. Ratan Tata. Mumbai.India: Bennett. Coleman A ; Co. Ltd. hypertext transfer protocol: //economictimes. indiatimes. com/topic/Ratan-Tata. Trompenaars. Alfons. and Charles Hampden-Turner. 1998. Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diverseness in Global Business. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York. USA: McGraw-Hill. Appendix Appendix 1: The seven concern sectors of the Tata groupThe seven concern sectors of the Tata group:1 ) Communications and information engineering2 ) Technology3 ) Materials4 ) Servicess5 ) Energy6 ) Consumer merchandises7 ) Chemicals( Tata Group 2012 ) Appendix 2: Kurt Lewin’s Force Field Analysis Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. change-management-coach. com/force-field-analysis. hypertext markup language ( Change Management Coach 2012 ) Appendix 3: The Boston Consulting Group ( BCG ) Growth Share Matrix Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. quickmba. com/strategy/matrix/bcg/( QuickMBA 2010 )

iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) - Emphasis

iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) Printer manufacturers must be getting a bit twitchy about the iPad. Or if theyre not, they should be because it could well make a serious dent in their profits, writes Rob Ashton. Generally, Im in the pro camp when it comes to technology. Ive bought a fair few examples over the years. And although I discarded some once the novelty wore off, others became an integral part of my life. The iPhone could have been invented just for me. I realise that not everyones like this. And even I admit that modern technology is often no substitute for more traditional devices. But in business, technology tends to be adopted wholesale when theres a sound financial reason for doing so. And thats why I think we might see a dramatic reduction not just in paper usage but in printer-toner sales in the next few years. It wasnt so long ago that we used to send documents to each other in the internal mail. Now were much more likely to email them. Yet most people still tend to print them out to read them. Despite the cost and the terrible waste of paper, we still like flipping through the real thing. But the business world may not be far behind the newspaper industry in seeking to cut the use of paper. This is because there are huge potential cost savings to be made if technologists could produce a way of reading onscreen that more people would accept. Influential technology blog Silicon Alley claimed last year that printing the New York Times costs twice as much as sending every subscriber an Amazon Kindle e-book reader on which to read the electronic version. Now universities in the US are experimenting with delivering textbooks this way. Just before the iPads launch, the technology was already there for acceptable forms of electronic reading. The worlds biggest technology show in Las Vegas earlier this year was awash with electronic alternatives to paper. Electronic paper or e-paper, as its inevitably being dubbed, helps overcome objections from people who prefer the look and feel of real paper rather than a chunky electronic device. And documents displayed in this way should be much easier to proofread. But problems with lighting mean that, at present, electronic paper can display only black and white images, as can e-book readers such as the Kindle. Such technology relies on electronically magnetised ink, which also needs good lighting conditions to be readable. The iPads colour screen and LED back-lighting get round these problems. And while some have commented that these cause eyestrain, ophthalmologists have disputed this. Whats more, the iPad electronically reproduces the action of flipping through a document, bringing the experience a step closer to the real thing but without the waste of printing. If the iPhone is anything to go by, it will probably be the second-generation iPads that truly find popular appeal, once Apple have ironed out any post-launch teething problems. But whether e-ink, iPad or iPad 2.0 wins the day, the paperless office may at last be just around the corner. iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) iPad 2.0 could herald the paperless office (at last) Printer manufacturers must be getting a bit twitchy about the iPad. Or if theyre not, they should be because it could well make a serious dent in their profits, writes Rob Ashton. Generally, Im in the pro camp when it comes to technology. Ive bought a fair few examples over the years. And although I discarded some once the novelty wore off, others became an integral part of my life. The iPhone could have been invented just for me. I realise that not everyones like this. And even I admit that modern technology is often no substitute for more traditional devices. But in business, technology tends to be adopted wholesale when theres a sound financial reason for doing so. And thats why I think we might see a dramatic reduction not just in paper usage but in printer-toner sales in the next few years. It wasnt so long ago that we used to send documents to each other in the internal mail. Now were much more likely to email them. Yet most people still tend to print them out to read them. Despite the cost and the terrible waste of paper, we still like flipping through the real thing. But the business world may not be far behind the newspaper industry in seeking to cut the use of paper. This is because there are huge potential cost savings to be made if technologists could produce a way of reading onscreen that more people would accept. Influential technology blog Silicon Alley claimed last year that printing the New York Times costs twice as much as sending every subscriber an Amazon Kindle e-book reader on which to read the electronic version. Now universities in the US are experimenting with delivering textbooks this way. Just before the iPads launch, the technology was already there for acceptable forms of electronic reading. The worlds biggest technology show in Las Vegas earlier this year was awash with electronic alternatives to paper. Electronic paper or e-paper, as its inevitably being dubbed, helps overcome objections from people who prefer the look and feel of real paper rather than a chunky electronic device. And documents displayed in this way should be much easier to proofread. But problems with lighting mean that, at present, electronic paper can display only black and white images, as can e-book readers such as the Kindle. Such technology relies on electronically magnetised ink, which also needs good lighting conditions to be readable. The iPads colour screen and LED back-lighting get round these problems. And while some have commented that these cause eyestrain, ophthalmologists have disputed this. Whats more, the iPad electronically reproduces the action of flipping through a document, bringing the experience a step closer to the real thing but without the waste of printing. If the iPhone is anything to go by, it will probably be the second-generation iPads that truly find popular appeal, once Apple have ironed out any post-launch teething problems. But whether e-ink, iPad or iPad 2.0 wins the day, the paperless office may at last be just around the corner.

How to Use the French Preposition Contre (Against)

How to Use the French Preposition Contre (Against) Contre  is a French preposition that usually means against, while its antonym,  pour, means for. Contre is used often alone or as part of common idiomatic expressions, such as par contre,  which means, on the other hand, whereas and but. Contre  is required after certain French verbs and phrases that need an  indirect object. The term contre  also has other English equivalents, depending on the context. Common Uses of Contre 1. Contact or Juxtaposition   Ã‚  Ã‚  sappuyer contre le mur  Ã‚  Ã‚  to lean against the wall  Ã‚  Ã‚  la face contre terre  Ã‚  Ã‚  face down (face the ground) 2. Opposition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Nous sommes contre la guerre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Were against war.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre en colà ¨re contre quelquun  Ã‚  Ã‚  to be angry with someone 3. Defense or Protection   Ã‚  Ã‚  un abri contre le vent  Ã‚  Ã‚  a shelter from the wind  Ã‚  Ã‚  une mà ©decine contre la grippe  Ã‚  Ã‚  medicine against the flu 4. Exchange   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ©changer un stylo contre un crayon  Ã‚  Ã‚  to trade a pen for a pencil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il ma donnà © un livre contre trois magazines  Ã‚  Ã‚  He gave me a book (in exchange) for three magazines 5. Relationship / Rapport   Ã‚  Ã‚  deux voix contre une  Ã‚  Ã‚  two (votes) to one   Ã‚  Ã‚  un à ©tudiant contre trois profs  Ã‚  Ã‚  one student vs three teachers 6. After Certain Verbs, Phrases That Need an Indirect Object   Ã‚  Ã‚  sabriter contre (le vent)   to take shelter against (the wind)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sappuyer contre (un arbre)   to lean against (a tree)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sasseoir contre (son ami)   to sit next to (ones friend)  Ã‚  Ã‚  sassurer contre (lincendie)   to insure against (fire)  Ã‚  Ã‚  se battre contre   to fight against  Ã‚  Ã‚  se blottir contre (sa mà ¨re, son chien)  Ã‚  to cuddle up next to (ones mother, dog)   Ã‚  Ã‚  donner quelque chose contre  Ã‚  to give something in exchange for  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ©changer quelque chose contre quelque chose  Ã‚  to exchange something for  Ã‚  Ã‚  something else  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ªtre en colà ¨re contre  Ã‚  to be angry at  Ã‚  Ã‚  se fà ¢cher contre  Ã‚  to get mad at  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre contre le mur  Ã‚  to stand against the wall  Ã‚  Ã‚  serrer quelquun contre sa poitrine/son cÅ“ur  Ã‚  to hug someone  Ã‚  Ã‚  troquer quelque chose contre quelque chose  Ã‚  to swap something for  Ã‚  Ã‚  something els e  Ã‚  Ã‚  voter contre  Ã‚  to vote against